Psalms 74:20 תְּהִלִּים
Who acts: you, dark places · What happens: look, be
This is Psalms 74:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, dark places — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
הַבֵּ֥ט לַבְּרִ֑ית כִּ֥י מָלְא֥וּ מַחֲשַׁכֵּי־אֶ֝֗רֶץ נְא֣וֹת חָמָֽס׃
Look upon the covenant; for the dark places of the land are full of the habitations of violence.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הַבֵּ֥ט | נָבַט | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2 | root | root | pay attention |
| 2 | לַ | לְ | ADP | _ | 4 בְּרִ֑ית | case | to |
| 3 | ה | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 4 בְּרִ֑ית | det | the |
| 4 | בְּרִ֑ית | בְּרִית | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 1 הַבֵּ֥ט | obl | covenant |
| 5 | כִּ֥י | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 6 מָלְא֥וּ | mark | (dm) |
| 6 | מָלְא֥וּ | מָלֵא | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 1 הַבֵּ֥ט | advcl | they are full |
| 7 | מַחֲשַׁכֵּי־ | מַחְשָׁךְ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 6 מָלְא֥וּ | nsubj | [the] dark places |
| 8 | אֶ֝֗רֶץ | אֶרֶץ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 מַחֲשַׁכֵּי־ | compound:smixut | of [the] land |
| 9 | נְא֣וֹת | נָוָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 6 מָלְא֥וּ | obl | settlements |
| 10 | חָמָֽס | חָמָס | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 9 נְא֣וֹת | compound:smixut | of violence |
| 11 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 10 חָמָֽס | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| הַבֵּט pay attention | imperative · hiphil | ||||
| מָלְאוּ they are full | qatal · qal | מַחֲשַׁכֵּי־ [the] dark places |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
אִסְתַּכָּל לִקְיָמָא דִגְזַרְתָּא לַאֲבָהָתָן אֲרוּם אִתְמְלִיאוּ בְנֵיהוֹן חֲשׁוֹכָא פְרִיס עַל אַרְעָא וְאוֹנִיאוּתָא וַחֲטוֹפִין:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:PSA:1179.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.74.20/