Psalms 78:45 תְּהִלִּים

Who acts: God, flies, frogs · What happens: send, devour, destroy · To what, where: swarms, streams

This is Psalms 78:45 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — God, flies, frogs — and what happens in the verse to swarms, streams, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

יְשַׁלַּ֬ח בָּהֶ֣ם עָ֭רֹב וַיֹּאכְלֵ֑ם וּ֝צְפַרְדֵּ֗עַ וַתַּשְׁחִיתֵֽם׃

He sent among them swarms of flies, which devoured them; and frogs, which destroyed them.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	יְשַׁלַּ֬ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he sent
2	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	3 ָהֶ֣ם	case	among
3	ָהֶ֣ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 יְשַׁלַּ֬ח	obl	them
4	עָ֭רֹב	עָרֹב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 יְשַׁלַּ֬ח	obj	a swarm of flies
5	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יֹּאכְל	cc	and
6	יֹּאכְל	אָכַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 יְשַׁלַּ֬ח	conj	it
7	ֵ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 יֹּאכְל	obj	devoured them
8	וּ֝	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 צְפַרְדֵּ֗עַ	cc	and
9	צְפַרְדֵּ֗עַ	צְפַרְדֵּעַ	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	1 יְשַׁלַּ֬ח	conj	frog[s]
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 תַּשְׁחִית	cc	and
11	תַּשְׁחִית	שָׁחַת	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	9 צְפַרְדֵּ֗עַ	conj	it
12	ֵֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 תַּשְׁחִית	obj	ruined them
13	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	12 ֵֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יְשַׁלַּח he sent	yiqtol · piel		עָרֹב a swarm of flies
יֹּאכְל it	wayyiqtol · qal	עָרֹב a swarm of flies	ֵם devoured them
תַּשְׁחִית it	wayyiqtol · hiphil	ֵֽם ruined them		צְפַרְדֵּעַ frog[s]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

יִגְרֵי בְהוֹן עִרְבּוּבֵי חֵיוַת בָּרָא וְגַמַר יַתְהוֹן וְעוּרְדְעָנַיָא וִיחַבֵּל יַתְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

He sent among them swarms of flies, which devoured them; and frogs, which destroyed them.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:PSA:1272.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.78.45/