Psalms 78:44 תְּהִלִּים
Who acts: streams · What happens: turn, not drink · To what, where: rivers, blood, streams
This is Psalms 78:44 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — streams — and what happens in the verse to rivers, blood, streams, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וַיַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ לְ֭דָם יְאֹרֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝נֹזְלֵיהֶ֗ם בַּל־יִשְׁתָּיֽוּן׃
And turned their rivers into blood, so that they could not drink their streams.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 2 יַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ | cc | and |
| 2 | יַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ | הָפַךְ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | he turned |
| 3 | לְ֭ | לְ | ADP | _ | 4 דָם | case | into |
| 4 | דָם | דָּם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 יַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ | obl | blood |
| 5 | יְאֹרֵי | יְאֹר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 2 יַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ | obj | canals |
| 6 | הֶ֑ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 יְאֹרֵי | nmod:poss | their |
| 7 | וְ֝ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 11 יִשְׁתָּיֽוּ | cc | and |
| 8 | נֹזְלֵי | נָזַל | NOUN | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 11 יִשְׁתָּיֽוּ | obj | streams |
| 9 | הֶ֗ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 נֹזְלֵי | nmod:poss | their |
| 10 | בַּל־ | בַּל | ADV | _ | 11 יִשְׁתָּיֽוּ | advmod | not |
| 11 | יִשְׁתָּיֽוּ | שָׁתָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 יַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ | conj | they |
| 12 | ן | נ | X | _ | 11 יִשְׁתָּיֽוּ | nmod | drank |
| 13 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 12 ן | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יַּהֲפֹךְ he turned | wayyiqtol · qal | יְאֹרֵי canals | |||
| not יִשְׁתָּיֽוּ they | yiqtol · qal | נֹזְלֵי streams |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
וַהֲפֵךְ לִדְמָא אֲרִיתֵיהוֹן וְנוֹזְלֵיוֹן לָא שָׁתָן מִנְהוֹן:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:PSA:1271.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.78.44/