Psalms 79:4 תְּהִלִּים

Who acts: We · What happens: become, be · To what, where: taunt

This is Psalms 79:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — We — and what happens in the verse to taunt, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הָיִ֣ינוּ חֶ֭רְפָּה לִשְׁכֵנֵ֑ינוּ לַ֥עַג וָ֝קֶ֗לֶס לִסְבִיבוֹתֵֽינוּ׃

We are become a taunt to our neighbours, a scorn and derision to them that are round about us.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הָיִ֣ינוּ	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	2 חֶ֭רְפָּה	cop	we have become
2	חֶ֭רְפָּה	חֶרְפָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	root	root	a reproach
3	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	4 שְׁכֵנֵ֑י	case	to
4	שְׁכֵנֵ֑י	שָׁכֵן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 חֶ֭רְפָּה	obl	neighbors
5	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 שְׁכֵנֵ֑י	nmod:poss	our
6	לַ֥עַג	לַעַג	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 חֶ֭רְפָּה	parataxis	mockery
7	וָ֝	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 קֶ֗לֶס	cc	and
8	קֶ֗לֶס	קֶלֶס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 לַ֥עַג	conj	derision
9	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	10 סְבִיבוֹתֵֽי	case	to [those]
10	סְבִיבוֹתֵֽי	סָבִיב	ADV	Number=Plur	6 לַ֥עַג	obl	around
11	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 סְבִיבוֹתֵֽי	nmod:poss	us
12	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	11 נוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: speech with no frame
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
הָיִינוּ we have become	qatal · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

הֲוֵינָא קְלָנָא לְשָׁכְנָנָא תּוֹלְעֲבָא וְגוֹחֲכָא לְחַזְרָנוּתָנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

We are become a taunt to our neighbours, a scorn and derision to them that are round about us.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:PSA:1303.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.79.4/