Ruth 1:20 רוּת

Who acts: Naomi, Almighty · What happens: say, not call, call, deal · To what, where: me · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Ruth 1:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Naomi, Almighty — and what happens in the verse to me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ן אַל־תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה לִ֖י נָעֳמִ֑י קְרֶ֤אןָ לִי֙ מָרָ֔א כִּי־הֵמַ֥ר שַׁדַּ֛י לִ֖י מְאֹֽד׃

And she said unto them: 'Call me not Naomi, call me Marah; for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 תֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
2	תֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	she said
3	אֲלֵי	אֶל	ADP	_	4 הֶ֔ן	case	to
4	הֶ֔ן	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 תֹּ֣אמֶר	obl	them
5	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	6 תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה	advmod	do not
6	תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	2 תֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	call
7	ל	לְ	ADP	_	8 ִ֖י	case	(to)
8	ִ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה	obl	me
9	נָעֳמִ֑י	נׇעֳמִי	PROPN	_	6 תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה	obj	Naomi
10	קְרֶ֤אןָ	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	6 תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה	ccomp	call
11	ל	לְ	ADP	_	12 ִי֙	case	(to)
12	ִי֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 קְרֶ֤אןָ	obl	me
13	מָרָ֔א	מַר	ADJ	_	10 קְרֶ֤אןָ	obj	Mara
14	כִּי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	15 הֵמַ֥ר	mark	(dm)
15	הֵמַ֥ר	מָרַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	10 קְרֶ֤אןָ	advcl	he has caused bitterness
16	שַׁדַּ֛י	שַׁדַּי	PROPN	_	15 הֵמַ֥ר	nsubj	[the] Almighty
17	ל	לְ	ADP	_	18 ִ֖י	case	to
18	ִ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 הֵמַ֥ר	obl	me
19	מְאֹֽד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	15 הֵמַ֥ר	advmod	exceedingly
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 מְאֹֽד	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תֹּאמֶר she said	wayyiqtol · qal
not תִּקְרֶאנָה call	jussive · qal		נָעֳמִי Naomi
קְרֶאןָ call	imperative · qal		מָרָא Mara
הֵמַר he has caused bitterness	qatal · hiphil	שַׁדַּי [the] Almighty

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וַאֲמַרַת לְהוֹן לָא תִהְוְיָן קָרַן לִי נָעֳמִי קְרוֹ לִי מָרִירַת נַפְשָׁא אֲרוּם אַמְרֵיר שַׁדַּי לִי לַחְדָּא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And she said unto them: 'Call me not Naomi, call me Marah; for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:RUT:19.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.20/