2 Chronicles 25:18 · JPS 1917
And Joash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying: 'The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying: Give thy daughter to my son to wife; and there passed by the wild beasts that were in Lebanon, and trod down the thistle.
Who acts: Joash king, thistle, cedar, wild beasts · What happens: send, say, be, give, pass, tread down · To what, where: Amaziah king, Lebanon, cedar, daughter, son, thistle · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 2 Chronicles 25:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joash king, thistle, cedar, wild beasts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 sent | cc |
| 2 | Joash | Joash | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 king | flat |
| 3 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 sent | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Israel | case |
| 5 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 king | nmod |
| 6 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 king | case |
| 8 | Amaziah | Amaziah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 king | flat |
| 9 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 sent | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Judah | case |
| 11 | Judah | Judah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 king | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 saying | punct |
| 13 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 sent | advcl |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 saying | punct |
| 15 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 22 sent | punct |
| 16 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 thistle | det |
| 17 | thistle | thistle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 sent | nsubj |
| 18 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 Lebanon | nsubj |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 Lebanon | cop |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 Lebanon | case |
| 21 | Lebanon | Lebanon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 thistle | acl:relcl |
| 22 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 saying | ccomp |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 cedar | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 cedar | det |
| 25 | cedar | cedar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 sent | obl |
| 26 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 Lebanon | nsubj |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 Lebanon | cop |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 Lebanon | case |
| 29 | Lebanon | Lebanon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 cedar | acl:relcl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 saying | punct |
| 31 | saying | say | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 sent | advcl |
| 32 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 33 Give | punct |
| 33 | Give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 saying | ccomp |
| 34 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 35 daughter | nmod:poss |
| 35 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 Give | obj |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 son | case |
| 37 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 son | nmod:poss |
| 38 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 Give | obl |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 wife | case |
| 40 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 Give | obl |
| 41 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 44 passed | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 passed | cc |
| 43 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 44 passed | expl |
| 44 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 sent | conj |
| 45 | by | by | ADP | _ | 48 beasts | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 beasts | det |
| 47 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 beasts | amod |
| 48 | beasts | beast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 passed | obl |
| 49 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 52 Lebanon | nsubj |
| 50 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 Lebanon | cop |
| 51 | in | in | ADP | _ | 52 Lebanon | case |
| 52 | Lebanon | Lebanon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 beasts | acl:relcl |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 trod | punct |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 trod | cc |
| 55 | trod | tread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 passed | conj |
| 56 | down | down | ADP | _ | 58 thistle | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 thistle | det |
| 58 | thistle | thistle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 trod | obl |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 sent | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | send | past | Joash king of Israel | Amaziah king of Judah | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to king=Destination | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | Joash king of Israel not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | is | past | the thistle | Lebanon | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | send | past | the thistle | the cedar | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to cedar=Destination | ||||
| 5 | is | past | the cedar | Lebanon | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | gerund | the thistle not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | give | infinitive | thy daughter | my son | to wife | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent daughter=Theme to son=Recipient | |||
| 8 | pass | past | Joash king of Israel not said here | there | by the wild beasts | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by beast=Location | |||
| 9 | is | past | the wild beasts | Lebanon | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | tread down | past | Joash king of Israel not said here | the thistle | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location thistle=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח יוֹאָ֣שׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶל־אֲמַצְיָ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֮ לֵאמֹר֒ הַח֜וֹחַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּלְּבָנ֗וֹן שָׁ֠לַח אֶל־הָאֶ֜רֶז אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּלְּבָנוֹן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תְּנָֽה־אֶת־בִּתְּךָ֥ לִבְנִ֖י לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַֽתַּעֲבֹ֞ר חַיַּ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּלְּבָנ֔וֹן וַתִּרְמֹ֖ס אֶת־הַחֽוֹחַ׃
2 Chronicles 25:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2CH:565 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.565/