Daniel 2:15 · JPS 1917
he answered and said to Arioch the king's captain: 'Wherefore is the decree so peremptory from the king?' Then Arioch made the thing known to Daniel.
Who acts: man, decree, Arioch, thing · What happens: answer, say, be, make, know · To what, where: Arioch, thing, Daniel · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Daniel 2:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, decree, Arioch, thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 answered | nsubj |
| 2 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 said | cc |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 answered | conj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 Arioch | case |
| 6 | Arioch | Arioch | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | obl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 king | det |
| 8 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 captain | nmod:poss |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 king | case |
| 10 | captain | captain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Arioch | appos |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 peremptory | punct |
| 12 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 18 peremptory | punct |
| 13 | Wherefore | wherefore | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 peremptory | advmod |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 peremptory | cop |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 decree | det |
| 16 | decree | decree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 peremptory | nsubj |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 peremptory | advmod |
| 18 | peremptory | peremptory | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 said | ccomp |
| 19 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 king | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 king | det |
| 21 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 peremptory | obl |
| 22 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 18 peremptory | punct |
| 23 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 18 peremptory | punct |
| 24 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 26 made | advmod |
| 25 | Arioch | Arioch | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 made | nsubj |
| 26 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 answered | conj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 thing | det |
| 28 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 made | obj |
| 29 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 made | xcomp |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 Daniel | case |
| 31 | Daniel | Daniel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 known | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 answered | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | answer speech: assert | past | man | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | man not said here | Arioch | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to arioch=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | is | present | the decree | from the king; peremptory, wherefore property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | make | past | Arioch | the thing | then | tree rules | |||
| 5 | know | participle | the thing not said here | Daniel | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Aramaic of this verse
עָנֵ֣ה וְאָמַ֗ר לְאַרְיוֹךְ֙ שַׁלִּיטָ֣א דִֽי־מַלְכָּ֔א עַל־מָ֥ה דָתָ֛א מְהַחְצְפָ֖ה מִן־קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּ֑א אֱדַ֣יִן מִלְּתָ֔א הוֹדַ֥ע אַרְי֖וֹךְ לְדָנִיֵּֽאל׃
Daniel 2:15: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DAN:36 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.36/