Esther 3:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2
And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed down, and prostrated themselves before Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him.
Who acts: servants, king · What happens: be, bow down, prostrate, command · To what, where: gate, servants · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Esther 3:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (servants, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 bowed | cc |
| 2 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 servants | det:predet |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 king | det |
| 4 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 servants | nmod:poss |
| 5 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 4 king | case |
| 6 | servants | servant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 bowed | nsubj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 gate | punct |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 gate | nsubj |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 gate | cop |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 gate | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 king | det |
| 12 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 gate | nmod:poss |
| 13 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 12 king | case |
| 14 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 servants | acl:relcl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 servants | punct |
| 16 | bowed | bow | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | down | down | ADV | _ | 16 bowed | advmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 prostrated | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 prostrated | cc |
| 20 | prostrated | prostrate | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 bowed | conj |
| 21 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 20 prostrated | obj |
| 22 | before | before | ADP | _ | 23 Haman | case |
| 23 | Haman | Haman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 prostrated | obl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 commanded | punct |
| 25 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 30 commanded | mark |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 king | det |
| 27 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 commanded | nsubj |
| 28 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 commanded | aux |
| 29 | so | so | ADV | _ | 30 commanded | advmod |
| 30 | commanded | command | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 bowed | advcl |
| 31 | concerning | concern | ADP | _ | 32 him | case |
| 32 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 commanded | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 bowed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the king's servants | the king's gate | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | bow down | past | the king's servants | down property | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | prostrate | past | the king's servants not said here | servants = servant | before Haman | tree rules | |||
| 4 | command | past · perfect | the king | concern Haman | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְכָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּמִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ לְהָמָ֔ן כִּי־כֵ֖ן צִוָּה־ל֣וֹ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וּמָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י לֹ֥א יִכְרַ֖ע וְלֹ֥א יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה׃
Esther 3:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed down, and prostrated themselves before Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him.
- But Mordecai bowed not down, nor prostrated himself before him.
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EST:48 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.48/