Esther 3:2 אֶסְתֵּר

Who acts: servants, king, Mordecai · What happens: be, bow down, prostrate, command, not bow down · To what, where: gate, servants, Mordecai · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Esther 3:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — servants, king, Mordecai — and what happens in the verse to gate, servants, Mordecai, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְכָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּמִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ לְהָמָ֔ן כִּי־כֵ֖ן צִוָּה־ל֣וֹ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וּמָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י לֹ֥א יִכְרַ֖ע וְלֹ֥א יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה׃

And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed down, and prostrated themselves before Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him. But Mordecai bowed not down, nor prostrated himself before him.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 כֹּרְעִ֤ים	cc	and
2	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 כֹּרְעִ֤ים	nsubj	all
3	עַבְדֵ֨י	עֶבֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 כָל־	compound:smixut	the servants
4	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 מֶּ֜לֶךְ	det	of
5	מֶּ֜לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 עַבְדֵ֨י	compound:smixut	the king
6	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	8 שַׁ֣עַר	mark	who
7	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	8 שַׁ֣עַר	case	[were] at
8	שַׁ֣עַר	שַׁעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 כָל־	acl:relcl	the gate
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 מֶּ֗לֶךְ	det	of
10	מֶּ֗לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 שַׁ֣עַר	compound:smixut	the king
11	כֹּרְעִ֤ים	כָּרַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	root	root	[were] kneeling
12	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙	cc	and [were]
13	מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙	חוה	VERB	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 כֹּרְעִ֤ים	conj	bowing down
14	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	15 הָמָ֔ן	case	to
15	הָמָ֔ן	הָמָן	PROPN	_	11 כֹּרְעִ֤ים	obl	Haman
16	כִּי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	18 צִוָּה־	mark	(dm)
17	כֵ֖ן	כֵּן	ADV	_	18 צִוָּה־	advmod	thus
18	צִוָּה־	צָוָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	11 כֹּרְעִ֤ים	advcl	he had commanded
19	ל	לְ	ADP	_	20 ֣וֹ	case	to
20	֣וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 צִוָּה־	obl	him
21	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 מֶּ֑לֶךְ	det	the
22	מֶּ֑לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 צִוָּה־	nsubj	king
23	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 יִכְרַ֖ע	cc	and
24	מָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י	מׇרְדֳּכַי	PROPN	_	26 יִכְרַ֖ע	nsubj	Mordecai
25	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	26 יִכְרַ֖ע	advmod	not
26	יִכְרַ֖ע	כָּרַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	11 כֹּרְעִ֤ים	conj	he knelt
27	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	29 יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה	cc	and
28	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	29 יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה	advmod	not
29	יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה	חוה	VERB	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3	11 כֹּרְעִ֤ים	conj	he bowed down
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
כֹּרְעִים [were] kneeling	participle active · qal	עַבְדֵי the servants
מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים bowing down	participle active	עַבְדֵי the servants
צִוָּה־ he had commanded	qatal · piel	מֶּלֶךְ king
not יִכְרַע he knelt	yiqtol · qal	מָרְדֳּכַי Mordecai
not יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה he bowed down	yiqtol	מָרְדֳּכַי Mordecai

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וְכָל עַבְדֵי מַלְכָּא דִי בִּתְרַע בֵּית מַלְכָּא גַחֲנִין לְאַנְדְרָטָא דִי הֵקִים בַּהֲדֵיהּ וְסַגְדִין לֵיהּ לְהָמָן אֲרוּם כֵּן פַּקֵיד עֲלוֹהִי מַלְכָּא וּמָרְדְכַי לָא הֲוָה גָחִין לְאַנְדְרָטָא וְלָא הֲוָה סְגִיד לְהָמָן עַל דִי הֲוָה לֵיהּ עֲבַד פְּלַח וְאִזְדַבַּן לֵיהּ בְּטוּלְמָא דִלְחֵם:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EST:46.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.2/