Job 2:12 · JPS 1917
And when they lifted up their eyes afar off, and knew him not, they lifted up their voice, and wept; and they rent every one his mantle, and threw dust upon their heads toward heaven.
Who acts: friends · What happens: lift up, not know, weep, rend, throw · To what, where: eyes, Job, voice, one, dust, heads
This is Job 2:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 lifted | cc |
| 2 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 4 lifted | mark |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 lifted | nsubj |
| 4 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 lifted | advcl |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 4 lifted | compound:prt |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 7 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 lifted | obj |
| 8 | afar | afar | ADV | _ | 9 off | advmod |
| 9 | off | off | ADV | _ | 4 lifted | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 knew | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 knew | cc |
| 12 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 lifted | conj |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 knew | obj |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 knew | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 lifted | punct |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 lifted | nsubj |
| 17 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | up | up | ADP | _ | 17 lifted | compound:prt |
| 19 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 voice | nmod:poss |
| 20 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 lifted | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 wept | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 wept | cc |
| 23 | wept | weep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 lifted | conj |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 rent | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 rent | cc |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 rent | nsubj |
| 27 | rent | rend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 lifted | conj |
| 28 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 29 one | det |
| 29 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 rent | obl:unmarked |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 mantle | nmod:poss |
| 31 | mantle | mantle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 rent | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 threw | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 threw | cc |
| 34 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 rent | conj |
| 35 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 threw | obj |
| 36 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 38 heads | case |
| 37 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 heads | nmod:poss |
| 38 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 threw | obl |
| 39 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 40 heaven | case |
| 40 | heaven | heaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 threw | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 lifted | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift up | past | friends = friend | friends's eyes | off property | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme | |||
| 2 | not know | past | friends = friend not said here | Job | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | lift up | past | friends = friend | friends's voice | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Theme | ||||
| 4 | weep | past | friends = friend not said here | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | rend | past | friends = friend | every one | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mantle=Patient | ||||
| 6 | throw | past | friends = friend not said here | dust | friends's heads | toward heaven | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent dust=Theme upon head=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּשְׂא֨וּ אֶת־עֵינֵיהֶ֤ם מֵרָחוֹק֙ וְלֹ֣א הִכִּירֻ֔הוּ וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּ֑וּ וַֽיִּקְרְעוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מְעִל֔וֹ וַיִּזְרְק֥וּ עָפָ֛ר עַל־רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם הַשָּׁמָֽיְמָה׃
Job 2:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JOB:35 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.35/