Lamentations 1:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 3
HOW DOTH the city sit solitary, that was full of people!
Who acts: city · What happens: sit, be
This is Lamentations 1:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | HOW | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 sit | advmod |
| 2 | DOTH | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 sit | aux |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 city | det |
| 4 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sit | nsubj |
| 5 | sit | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | solitary | solitary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 sit | xcomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 full | punct |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 full | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 full | cop |
| 10 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 city | acl:relcl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 people | case |
| 12 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 full | obl |
| 13 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 5 sit | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- exclamation
- act
- express
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sit | present · do-support | the city | solitary property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | past | the city | of people; full property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
אֵיכָ֣ה ׀ יָשְׁבָ֣ה בָדָ֗ד הָעִיר֙ רַבָּ֣תִי עָ֔ם הָיְתָ֖ה כְּאַלְמָנָ֑ה רַּבָּ֣תִיבַגּוֹיִ֗ם שָׂרָ֙תִי֙ בַּמְּדִינ֔וֹת הָיְתָ֖ה לָמַֽס׃ס
Lamentations 1:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- HOW DOTH the city sit solitary, that was full of people!
- How is she become as a widow!
- She that was great among the nations, and princess among the provinces, how is she become tributary!
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:0 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.0/