Lamentations 4:8 · JPS 1917

Their visage is blacker than coal; they are not known in the streets; their skin is shrivelled upon their bones; it is withered, it is become like a stick.

Who acts: visage · What happens: be, not know, shrivel, wither, become · To what, where: princes, streets, skin

This is Lamentations 4:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (visage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 visage	nmod:poss
2	visage	visage	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blacker	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 blacker	cop
4	blacker	black	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	6 coal	case
6	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blacker	obl
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 known	punct
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 known	nsubj:pass
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 known	aux:pass
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 known	advmod
11	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 blacker	parataxis
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 streets	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 streets	det
14	streets	street	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 known	obl
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 shrivelled	punct
16	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 skin	nmod:poss
17	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 shrivelled	nsubj:pass
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 shrivelled	aux:pass
19	shrivelled	shrivel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 blacker	parataxis
20	upon	upon	ADP	_	22 bones	case
21	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 bones	nmod:poss
22	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 shrivelled	obl
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	26 withered	punct
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 withered	nsubj:pass
25	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 withered	aux:pass
26	withered	wither	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 blacker	parataxis
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 become	punct
28	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 become	nsubj:pass
29	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 become	aux:pass
30	become	become	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 blacker	parataxis
31	like	like	ADP	_	33 stick	case
32	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 stick	det
33	stick	stick	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 become	obl
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 blacker	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: changed polarity=neg

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	princes's visage			than coal; black property	tree rules
2	not know	present · passive		princes = prince	the streets		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus
3	shrivel	present · passive		princes's skin		upon princes's bones	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
4	wither	present · passive		skin			tree rules
5	become	present · passive		skin		like a stick	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

חָשַׁ֤ךְ מִשְּׁחוֹר֙ תָּֽאֳרָ֔ם לֹ֥א נִכְּר֖וּ בַּחוּצ֑וֹת צָפַ֤ד עוֹרָם֙ עַל־עַצְמָ֔ם יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה כָעֵֽץ׃ס

Lamentations 4:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:129 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.129/