Lamentations 4:9 · JPS 1917
They that are slain with the sword are better than they that are slain with hunger; for these pine away, stricken through, for want of the fruits of the field.
Who acts: princes, these · What happens: slay, be, pine away, stricken through, want · To what, where: fruits
This is Lamentations 4:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (princes, these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 better | nsubj |
| 2 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 slain | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 slain | aux:pass |
| 4 | slain | slay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 They | acl:relcl |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 sword | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 sword | det |
| 7 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 slain | obl |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 better | cop |
| 9 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 10 | than | than | ADP | _ | 11 they | case |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 better | obl |
| 12 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 slain | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 slain | aux:pass |
| 14 | slain | slay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 they | acl:relcl |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 hunger | case |
| 16 | hunger | hunger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 slain | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 pine | punct |
| 18 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 20 pine | mark |
| 19 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 20 pine | nsubj |
| 20 | pine | pine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 better | parataxis |
| 21 | away | away | ADV | _ | 20 pine | advmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 stricken | punct |
| 23 | stricken | stricken | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 pine | advcl |
| 24 | through | through | ADV | _ | 23 stricken | advmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 want | punct |
| 26 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 want | case |
| 27 | want | want | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 stricken | obl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 fruits | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 fruits | det |
| 30 | fruits | fruit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 want | nmod |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 field | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 field | det |
| 33 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 fruits | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 better | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | slay | present · passive | with the sword | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with sword=Instrument | |||||
| 2 | is | present | princes = prince | than bones = bone; good property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | slay | present · passive | with hunger | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with hunger=Instrument | |||||
| 4 | pine away | present | these | away property | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 5 | stricken through | participle | these not said here | for want of the fruits of the field; through property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | want | the fruits of the field | nom want «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
טוֹבִ֤ים הָיוּ֙ חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב מֵֽחַלְלֵ֖י רָעָ֑ב שֶׁ֣הֵ֤ם יָז֙וּבוּ֙ מְדֻקָּרִ֔ים מִתְּנוּבֹ֖ת שָׂדָֽי׃ס
Lamentations 4:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:130 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.130/