Lamentations 4:9 אֵיכָה
Who acts: princes, these · What happens: slay, be, pine away, stricken through, want · To what, where: fruits
This is Lamentations 4:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — princes, these — and what happens in the verse to fruits, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
טוֹבִ֤ים הָיוּ֙ חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב מֵֽחַלְלֵ֖י רָעָ֑ב שֶׁ֣הֵ֤ם יָז֙וּבוּ֙ מְדֻקָּרִ֔ים מִתְּנוּבֹ֖ת שָׂדָֽי׃ס
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | טוֹבִ֤ים | טוֹב | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | root | root | good |
| 2 | הָיוּ֙ | הָיָה | AUX | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 1 טוֹבִ֤ים | cop | they are |
| 3 | חַלְלֵי־ | חָלָל | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 1 טוֹבִ֤ים | nsubj | [those] slain |
| 4 | חֶ֔רֶב | חֶרֶב | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 3 חַלְלֵי־ | compound:smixut | of a sword |
| 5 | מֵֽ | מִן | ADP | _ | 6 חַלְלֵ֖י | case | more |
| 6 | חַלְלֵ֖י | חָלָל | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 1 טוֹבִ֤ים | obl | than [those] slain |
| 7 | רָעָ֑ב | רָעָב | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 6 חַלְלֵ֖י | compound:smixut | of hunger |
| 8 | שֶׁ֣ | שֶׁ | SCONJ | _ | 10 יָז֙וּבוּ֙ | mark | who |
| 9 | הֵ֤ם | הֵם | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 יָז֙וּבוּ֙ | nsubj | they |
| 10 | יָז֙וּבוּ֙ | זוּב | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 6 חַלְלֵ֖י | acl:relcl | they flow away |
| 11 | מְדֻקָּרִ֔ים | דָּקַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Plur | 10 יָז֙וּבוּ֙ | parataxis | pierced through |
| 12 | מִ | מִן | ADP | _ | 13 תְּנוּבֹ֖ת | case | from [the] |
| 13 | תְּנוּבֹ֖ת | תְּנוּבָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 11 מְדֻקָּרִ֔ים | obl | fruits |
| 14 | שָׂדָֽי | שָׂדַי | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 13 תְּנוּבֹ֖ת | compound:smixut | of [the] field |
| 15 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 14 שָׂדָֽי | punct | |
| 16 | ס | ס | PUNCT | _ | 14 שָׂדָֽי | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| הָיוּ they are | qatal · qal | חַלְלֵי־ [those] slain | |||
| יָזוּבוּ they flow away | yiqtol · qal | הֵם they | |||
| מְדֻקָּרִים pierced through | participle passive · pual | חַלְלֵי than [those] slain |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
מַעֲלֵי הֲווֹ קְטִילֵי סַיְיפָא יַתִּיר מִן קְטִילֵי כְפַן דִקְטִילֵי סַיְיפָא דָיְיבִין כַּד אִינוּן מְבַזְעִין כְּרֵיסֵיהוֹן מִן מָה דַאֲכַלוּ מֵעֲלַל חַקְלָא וּנְפִיחֵי כַפְנָא פָּרִיק כְּרֵיסֵיהוֹן מִן מֵיכְלָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:118.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.9/