Lamentations 4:10 אֵיכָה
Who acts: hands · What happens: seethe, be, destroy · To what, where: own children, food, destruction, daughter
This is Lamentations 4:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — hands — and what happens in the verse to own children, food, destruction, daughter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
יְדֵ֗י נָשִׁים֙ רַחֲמָ֣נִיּ֔וֹת בִּשְּׁל֖וּ יַלְדֵיהֶ֑ן הָי֤וּ לְבָרוֹת֙ לָ֔מוֹ בְּשֶׁ֖בֶר בַּת־עַמִּֽי׃ס
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | יְדֵ֗י | יָד | NOUN | Number=Dual | 4 בִּשְּׁל֖וּ | nsubj | [the] hands |
| 2 | נָשִׁים֙ | אִשָּׁה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 1 יְדֵ֗י | compound:smixut | of women |
| 3 | רַחֲמָ֣נִיּ֔וֹת | רַחֲמָנִי | ADJ | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 2 נָשִׁים֙ | amod | compassionate |
| 4 | בִּשְּׁל֖וּ | בָּשַׁל | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3 | root | root | they have boiled |
| 5 | יַלְדֵי | יֶלֶד | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 4 בִּשְּׁל֖וּ | obj | children |
| 6 | הֶ֑ן | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 יַלְדֵי | nmod:poss | their own |
| 7 | הָי֤וּ | הָיָה | AUX | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 9 בָרוֹת֙ | cop | they have been |
| 8 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 9 בָרוֹת֙ | case | for |
| 9 | בָרוֹת֙ | בָּרוּת | VERB | HebBinyan=PIEL | 4 בִּשְּׁל֖וּ | parataxis | eating |
| 10 | לָ֔ | לְ | ADP | _ | 11 מוֹ | case | for |
| 11 | מוֹ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 בָרוֹת֙ | obl | them |
| 12 | בְּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 13 שֶׁ֖בֶר | case | in |
| 13 | שֶׁ֖בֶר | שֶׁבֶר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 9 בָרוֹת֙ | obl | the brokenness |
| 14 | בַּת־ | בַּת | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 13 שֶׁ֖בֶר | compound:smixut | of the daughter |
| 15 | עַמּ | עַם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 14 בַּת־ | compound:smixut | my people |
| 16 | ִֽי | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 עַמּ | nmod:poss | my |
| 17 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 16 ִֽי | punct | |
| 18 | ס | ס | PUNCT | _ | 16 ִֽי | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| בִּשְּׁלוּ they have boiled | qatal · piel | יְדֵי [the] hands | יַלְדֵי children | ||
| הָיוּ they have been | qatal · qal | יַלְדֵי children | |||
| בָרוֹת eating | infinitive construct · piel | יַלְדֵי children |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
יְדֵי נְשַׁיָּא דַהֲוָן מְרַחֲמִין עַל מִסְכֵּנִין בְּשִׁילוּ עוּלֵימֵיהוֹן הֲווֹ לְמִסְעַד לְהוֹן בְּיוֹם תְּבַר כַּפְנָא דִי אִתְבְּרַת כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְעַמִּי:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:119.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.10/