Lamentations 1:16 · JPS 1917
'For these things I weep; mine eye, mine eye runneth down with water; because the comforter is far from me, even he that should refresh my soul; my children are desolate, because the enemy hath prevailed.'
Who acts: I, eye, comforter, children, enemy · What happens: weep, run down, be, refresh, prevail · To what, where: soul
This is Lamentations 1:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, eye, comforter, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 6 weep | punct |
| 2 | For | for | ADP | _ | 4 things | case |
| 3 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 things | det |
| 4 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 weep | obl |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 weep | nsubj |
| 6 | weep | weep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 eye | punct |
| 8 | mine | mine | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 eye | nmod:poss |
| 9 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 runneth | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 eye | punct |
| 11 | mine | mine | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 eye | nmod:poss |
| 12 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 runneth | nsubj |
| 13 | runneth | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 weep | parataxis |
| 14 | down | down | ADV | _ | 13 runneth | advmod |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 water | case |
| 16 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 runneth | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 far | punct |
| 18 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 22 far | mark |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 comforter | det |
| 20 | comforter | comforter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 far | nsubj |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 far | cop |
| 22 | far | far | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 runneth | advcl |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 me | case |
| 24 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 far | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 he | punct |
| 26 | even | even | ADV | _ | 27 he | advmod |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 me | appos |
| 28 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 refresh | nsubj |
| 29 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 refresh | aux |
| 30 | refresh | refresh | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 he | acl:relcl |
| 31 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 soul | nmod:poss |
| 32 | soul | soul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 refresh | obj |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 desolate | punct |
| 34 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 children | nmod:poss |
| 35 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 desolate | nsubj |
| 36 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 desolate | cop |
| 37 | desolate | desolate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 runneth | parataxis |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 prevailed | punct |
| 39 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 43 prevailed | mark |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 enemy | det |
| 41 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 prevailed | nsubj |
| 42 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 prevailed | aux |
| 43 | prevailed | prevail | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 37 desolate | advcl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 weep | punct |
| 45 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 6 weep | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | weep | present | I | for this things | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | run down | present | mine eye | with water; down property | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent with water=Material | ||||
| 3 | is | present | the comforter | from me; far property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | refresh | should | my soul | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus soul=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | is | present | my children | desolate property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | prevail | present · perfect | the enemy | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
עַל־אֵ֣לֶּה ׀ אֲנִ֣י בוֹכִיָּ֗ה עֵינִ֤י ׀ עֵינִי֙ יֹ֣רְדָה מַּ֔יִם כִּֽי־רָחַ֥ק מִמֶּ֛נִּי מְנַחֵ֖ם מֵשִׁ֣יב נַפְשִׁ֑י הָי֤וּ בָנַי֙ שֽׁוֹמֵמִ֔ים כִּ֥י גָבַ֖ר אוֹיֵֽב׃ס
Lamentations 1:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:18 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.18/