Lamentations 2:10 · JPS 1917

They sit upon the ground, and keep silence, the elders of the daughter of Zion; they have cast up dust upon their heads, they have girded themselves with sackcloth; the virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.

Who acts: prophets, virgins · What happens: sit, keep, cast up, gird, hang down · To what, where: ground, silence, dust, heads, prophets

This is Lamentations 2:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prophets, virgins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sit	nsubj
2	sit	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 ground	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ground	det
5	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sit	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 keep	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 keep	cc
8	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 sit	conj
9	silence	silence	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 keep	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 elders	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 elders	det
12	elders	elder	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 silence	appos
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 daughter	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 daughter	det
15	daughter	daughter	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 elders	nmod
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 Zion	case
17	Zion	Zion	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 daughter	nmod
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 cast	punct
19	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 cast	nsubj
20	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 cast	aux
21	cast	cast	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 sit	parataxis
22	up	up	ADP	_	21 cast	compound:prt
23	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 cast	obj
24	upon	upon	ADP	_	26 heads	case
25	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 heads	nmod:poss
26	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 cast	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 girded	punct
28	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 girded	nsubj
29	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 girded	aux
30	girded	gird	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	21 cast	conj
31	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	30 girded	obj
32	with	with	ADP	_	33 sackcloth	case
33	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 girded	obl
34	;	;	PUNCT	_	39 hang	punct
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 virgins	det
36	virgins	virgin	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 hang	nsubj
37	of	of	ADP	_	38 Jerusalem	case
38	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	Number=Sing	36 virgins	nmod
39	hang	hang	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 sit	parataxis
40	down	down	ADP	_	39 hang	compound:prt
41	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	42 heads	nmod:poss
42	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 hang	obj
43	to	to	ADP	_	45 ground	case
44	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	45 ground	det
45	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 hang	obl
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 sit	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	sit	present	prophets = prophet		the ground		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon ground=Location
2	keep	present	prophets = prophet not said here	silence			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent silence=Theme
3	cast up	present · perfect	prophets = prophet	dust	prophets's heads		vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent dust=Theme upon head=Destination
4	gird	present · perfect	prophets = prophet	prophets = prophet		with sackcloth	tree rules
5	hang down	present	the virgins of Jerusalem	prophets's heads		to the ground result	vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent head=Patient to ground=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

יֵשְׁב֨וּ לָאָ֤רֶץ יִדְּמוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י בַת־צִיּ֔וֹן הֶֽעֱל֤וּ עָפָר֙ עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔ם חָגְר֖וּ שַׂקִּ֑ים הוֹרִ֤ידוּ לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ רֹאשָׁ֔ן בְּתוּלֹ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ס

Lamentations 2:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:36 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.36/