Lamentations 2:16 · JPS 1917

All thine enemies have opened their mouth wide against thee; they hiss and gnash the teeth; they say: 'We have swallowed her up; certainly this is the day that we looked for; we have found, we have seen it.'

Who acts: enemies, prophets, We, this · What happens: open, hiss, gnash, say, swallow up, be · To what, where: mouth, thee, teeth, enemy, day · Speech: someone speaks here

This is Lamentations 2:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (enemies, prophets, We, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 enemies	det:predet
2	thine	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	3 enemies	nmod:poss
3	enemies	enemy	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 opened	nsubj
4	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 opened	aux
5	opened	open	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 mouth	nmod:poss
7	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 opened	obj
8	wide	wide	ADV	_	5 opened	advmod
9	against	against	ADP	_	10 thee	case
10	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	5 opened	obl
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 hiss	punct
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 hiss	nsubj
13	hiss	hiss	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 opened	parataxis
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 gnash	cc
15	gnash	gnash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 hiss	conj
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 teeth	det
17	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 gnash	obj
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 say	punct
19	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 say	nsubj
20	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 opened	parataxis
21	:	:	PUNCT	_	25 swallowed	punct
22	'	'	PUNCT	_	25 swallowed	punct
23	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	25 swallowed	nsubj
24	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 swallowed	aux
25	swallowed	swallow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	20 say	ccomp
26	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 swallowed	obj
27	up	up	ADP	_	25 swallowed	compound:prt
28	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 day	punct
29	certainly	certainly	ADV	_	33 day	advmod
30	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	33 day	nsubj
31	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 day	cop
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 day	det
33	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 say	ccomp
34	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	36 looked	obj
35	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	36 looked	nsubj
36	looked	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 day	acl:relcl
37	for	for	ADP	_	36 looked	obl
38	;	;	PUNCT	_	41 found	punct
39	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	41 found	nsubj
40	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	41 found	aux
41	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	20 say	ccomp
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 seen	punct
43	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	45 seen	nsubj
44	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	45 seen	aux
45	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	41 found	conj
46	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	45 seen	obj
47	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 opened	punct
48	'	'	PUNCT	_	5 opened	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
polarity: pos
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	open	present · perfect	thine enemies	prophets's mouth	thee	wide property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent mouth=Theme against thou=Location
2	hiss	present	prophets = prophet				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	gnash	present	prophets = prophet not said here	the teeth			vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
4	say speech: assert	present	prophets = prophet				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	swallow up	present · perfect	We	enemy			vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Patient
6	is a	present	this	the day		certainly property	tree rules
7	look	past	we	the day			vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme that=Attribute
8	find	present · perfect	we				vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
9	see	present · perfect	we	mouth			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

פָּצ֨וּ עָלַ֤יִךְ פִּיהֶם֙ כָּל־א֣וֹיְבַ֔יִךְ שָֽׁרְקוּ֙ וַיַּֽחַרְקוּ־שֵׁ֔ן אָמְר֖וּ בִּלָּ֑עְנוּ אַ֣ךְ זֶ֥ה הַיּ֛וֹם שֶׁקִּוִּינֻ֖הוּ מָצָ֥אנוּ רָאִֽינוּ׃ס

Lamentations 2:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:45 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.45/