Lamentations 2:18 · JPS 1917
Their heart cried unto the Lord: 'O wall of the daughter of Zion, let tears run down like a river day and night; give thyself no respite; let not the apple of thine eye cease.
Who acts: heart, tears, apple · What happens: cry, let, run down, give, not cease · To what, where: tears, respite, thyself
This is Lamentations 2:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heart, tears, apple), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 heart | nmod:poss |
| 2 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cried | nsubj |
| 3 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 6 Lord | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Lord | det |
| 6 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 cried | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 let | punct |
| 8 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 17 let | punct |
| 9 | O | o | INTJ | _ | 10 wall | discourse |
| 10 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 let | vocative |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 daughter | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 daughter | det |
| 13 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 wall | nmod |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Zion | case |
| 15 | Zion | Zion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 daughter | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 let | punct |
| 17 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 cried | parataxis |
| 18 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 let | obj |
| 19 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 let | xcomp |
| 20 | down | down | ADV | _ | 19 run | compound:prt |
| 21 | like | like | ADP | _ | 23 river | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 river | det |
| 23 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 run | obl |
| 24 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 run | obl:unmarked |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 night | cc |
| 26 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 day | conj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 give | punct |
| 28 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 cried | parataxis |
| 29 | thyself | thyself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes Style=Arch | 28 give | iobj |
| 30 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 31 respite | det |
| 31 | respite | respite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 give | obj |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 let | punct |
| 33 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 cried | parataxis |
| 34 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 40 cease | advmod |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 apple | det |
| 36 | apple | apple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 cease | nsubj |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 eye | case |
| 38 | thine | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 39 eye | nmod:poss |
| 39 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 apple | nmod |
| 40 | cease | cease | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 let | xcomp |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 cried | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed polarity=neg
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cry speech: express | past | prophets's heart | unto the Lord | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | let | infinitive | tears | wall of the daughter of Zion vocative | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | run down | infinitive | tears not said here | day | like a river | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 4 | give | infinitive | no respite | thyself | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent thyself=Recipient respite=Theme | ||||
| 5 | let | infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | not cease | infinitive | the apple of thine eye | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
צָעַ֥ק לִבָּ֖ם אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֑י חוֹמַ֣ת בַּת־צִ֠יּוֹן הוֹרִ֨ידִי כַנַּ֤חַל דִּמְעָה֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה אַֽל־תִּתְּנִ֤י פוּגַת֙ לָ֔ךְ אַל־תִּדֹּ֖ם בַּת־עֵינֵֽךְ׃ס
Lamentations 2:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:47 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.47/