Lamentations 3:2 · JPS 1917
He hath led me and caused me to walk in darkness and not in light.
Who acts: man, me · What happens: lead, cause, walk · To what, where: me, darkness
This is Lamentations 3:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, me), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 led | nsubj |
| 2 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 led | aux |
| 3 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 led | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 caused | cc |
| 6 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 led | conj |
| 7 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 caused | obj |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 walk | mark |
| 9 | walk | walk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 caused | xcomp |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 darkness | case |
| 11 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 walk | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 light | cc |
| 13 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 light | advmod |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 light | case |
| 15 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 darkness | conj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 led | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | present · perfect | man | me | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme | ||||
| 2 | cause | past | man not said here | me | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | walk | to-infinitive | me not said here | darkness and light | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in darkness=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
אוֹתִ֥י נָהַ֛ג וַיֹּלַ֖ךְ חֹ֥שֶׁךְ וְלֹא־אֽוֹר׃
Lamentations 3:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:55 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.55/