Proverbs 25:18 · JPS 1917
As a maul, and a sword, and a sharp arrow, so is a man that beareth false witness against his neighbour.
Who acts: man · What happens: be, bear · To what, where: man, false witness
This is Proverbs 25:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 maul | mark |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 maul | det |
| 3 | maul | maul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 man | advcl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 sword | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 sword | cc |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 sword | det |
| 7 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 maul | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 arrow | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 arrow | cc |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 arrow | det |
| 11 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 arrow | amod |
| 12 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 maul | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 man | punct |
| 14 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 man | advmod |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 man | cop |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 man | det |
| 17 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 18 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 beareth | nsubj |
| 19 | beareth | bear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 man | acl:relcl |
| 20 | false | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 witness | amod |
| 21 | witness | witness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 beareth | obj |
| 22 | against | against | ADP | _ | 24 neighbour | case |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 neighbour | nmod:poss |
| 24 | neighbour | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 witness | nmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 man | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a man | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | bear | present | a man | false witness | against foot's neighbour | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent witness=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
מֵפִ֣יץ וְ֭חֶרֶב וְחֵ֣ץ שָׁנ֑וּן אִ֥ישׁ עֹנֶ֥ה בְ֝רֵעֵ֗הוּ עֵ֣ד שָֽׁקֶר׃
Proverbs 25:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:PRO:739 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.739/