Proverbs 25:18 מִשְׁלֵי
Who acts: man · What happens: be, bear · To what, where: man, false witness
This is Proverbs 25:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man — and what happens in the verse to man, false witness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of Proverbs on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
מֵפִ֣יץ וְ֭חֶרֶב וְחֵ֣ץ שָׁנ֑וּן אִ֥ישׁ עֹנֶ֥ה בְ֝רֵעֵ֗הוּ עֵ֣ד שָֽׁקֶר׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מֵפִ֣יץ | מֵפִיץ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | root | root | a war-club |
| 2 | וְ֭ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 3 חֶרֶב | cc | and |
| 3 | חֶרֶב | חֶרֶב | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 1 מֵפִ֣יץ | conj | a sword |
| 4 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 5 חֵ֣ץ | cc | and |
| 5 | חֵ֣ץ | חֵץ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 מֵפִ֣יץ | conj | an arrow |
| 6 | שָׁנ֑וּן | שָׁנַן | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 5 חֵ֣ץ | nmod | sharpened |
| 7 | אִ֥ישׁ | אִישׁ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 מֵפִ֣יץ | nsubj | a person |
| 8 | עֹנֶ֥ה | עָנָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 7 אִ֥ישׁ | acl:relcl | [who] testifies |
| 9 | בְ֝ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 10 רֵע | case | against |
| 10 | רֵע | רֵעַ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 עֹנֶ֥ה | obl | neighbor |
| 11 | ֵ֗הוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 רֵע | nmod:poss | his |
| 12 | עֵ֣ד | עֵד | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 עֹנֶ֥ה | obj | a witness |
| 13 | שָֽׁקֶר | שֶׁקֶר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 12 עֵ֣ד | compound:smixut | of falsehood |
| 14 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 13 שָֽׁקֶר | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| שָׁנוּן sharpened | participle passive · qal | חֵץ an arrow | |||
| עֹנֶה [who] testifies | participle active · qal | אִישׁ a person | עֵד a witness |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
אֵיךְ פְּרִיעָא וְסַיְפָא נְגִידָא שְׁנִינָא גַבְרָא דְמַסְהַד עַל חַבְרֵיהּ סַהֲדוּתָא דְשִׁקְרָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:PRO:730.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.25.18/