Proverbs 30:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 5
Who hath ascended up into heaven, and descended?
What happens: ascend up, descend · To what, where: heaven
This is Proverbs 30:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 5 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 ascended | nsubj |
| 2 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 ascended | aux |
| 3 | ascended | ascend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 ascended | compound:prt |
| 5 | into | into | ADP | _ | 6 heaven | case |
| 6 | heaven | heaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ascended | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 descended | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 descended | cc |
| 9 | descended | descend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 ascended | conj |
| 10 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 ascended | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=wh, act=ask
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascend up | present · perfect | heaven | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into heaven=Initial_Location | |||||
| 2 | descend | participle | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
מִ֤י עָלָֽה־שָׁמַ֨יִם ׀ וַיֵּרַ֡ד מִ֤י אָֽסַף־ר֨וּחַ ׀ בְּחָפְנָ֡יו מִ֤י צָֽרַר־מַ֨יִם ׀ בַּשִּׂמְלָ֗ה מִ֭י הֵקִ֣ים כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ מַה־שְּׁמ֥וֹ וּמַֽה־שֶּׁם־בְּ֝נ֗וֹ כִּ֣י תֵדָֽע׃
Proverbs 30:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- Who hath ascended up into heaven, and descended?
- Who hath gathered the wind in his fists?
- Who hath bound the waters in his garment?
- Who hath established all the ends of the earth?
- What is his name, and what is his son's name, if thou knowest?
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:PRO:864 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.864/