Proverbs 30:24 · JPS 1917

There are four things which are little upon the earth, but they are exceeding wise:

Who acts: four things, things · What happens: be

This is Proverbs 30:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (four things, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 are	expl
2	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 things	nummod
4	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 are	nsubj
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 little	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 little	cop
7	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 things	acl:relcl
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 earth	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 earth	det
10	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 little	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 wise	punct
12	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 wise	cc
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 wise	nsubj
14	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 wise	cop
15	exceeding	exceeding	ADV	Degree=Pos	16 wise	advmod
16	wise	wise	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 are	conj
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	2 are	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	does	present	four things	there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	four things		upon the earth; little property	tree rules
3	is	present	things = thing		exceeding, wise property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

אַרְבָּ֣עָה הֵ֭ם קְטַנֵּי־אָ֑רֶץ וְ֝הֵ֗מָּה חֲכָמִ֥ים מְחֻכָּמִֽים׃

Proverbs 30:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:PRO:888 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PRO.888/