Psalms 55:22 · JPS 1917
Smoother than cream were the speeches of his mouth, but his heart was war; his words were softer than oil, yet were they keen-edged swords.
Who acts: speeches, heart, words, God · What happens: be, edge, speak, word · To what, where: war, edged swords, mouth · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Psalms 55:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (speeches, heart, words, God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Smoother | smooth | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 2 | than | than | ADP | _ | 3 cream | case |
| 3 | cream | cream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Smoother | obl |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Smoother | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 speeches | det |
| 6 | speeches | speech | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Smoother | nsubj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 mouth | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 9 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 speeches | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 war | punct |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 war | cc |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 heart | nmod:poss |
| 13 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 war | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 war | cop |
| 15 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Smoother | conj |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 softer | punct |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 words | nmod:poss |
| 18 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 softer | nsubj |
| 19 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 softer | cop |
| 20 | softer | soft | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 1 Smoother | parataxis |
| 21 | than | than | ADP | _ | 22 oil | case |
| 22 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 softer | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 swords | punct |
| 24 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 30 swords | cc |
| 25 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 swords | cop |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 swords | nsubj |
| 27 | keen | keen | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 edged | advmod |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 keen | punct |
| 29 | edged | edge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 30 swords | amod |
| 30 | swords | sword | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 softer | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Smoother | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- evaluate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=evaluate
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the speeches of God's mouth | than cream; smooth property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | God's heart | war | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | past | God's words | than oil; soft property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | edge | participle | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | is a | past | words = word | edged swords | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | speak | God's mouth | nom speech «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | word | God | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
חָלְק֤וּ ׀ מַחְמָאֹ֣ת פִּיו֮ וּֽקֲרָב־לִ֫בּ֥וֹ רַכּ֖וּ דְבָרָ֥יו מִשֶּׁ֗מֶן וְהֵ֣מָּה פְתִחֽוֹת׃
Psalms 55:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:PSA:913 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.913/