Ruth 4:7 · JPS 1917
Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, to confirm all things: a man drew off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbour; and this was the attestation in Israel. —
Who acts: this, former time, man · What happens: be, redeem, exchange, confirm, draw off, give · To what, where: custom, things, shoe, neighbour, attestation, Israel
This is Ruth 4:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, former time, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 custom | advmod |
| 2 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 custom | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 custom | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 custom | det |
| 5 | custom | custom | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 time | case |
| 7 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 time | amod |
| 8 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 custom | nmod |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 Israel | case |
| 10 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 time | nmod |
| 11 | concerning | concerning | ADP | _ | 12 redeeming | case |
| 12 | redeeming | redeem | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 time | acl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 exchanging | cc |
| 14 | concerning | concerning | ADP | _ | 15 exchanging | case |
| 15 | exchanging | exchange | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 redeeming | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 confirm | punct |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 confirm | mark |
| 18 | confirm | confirm | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 custom | advcl |
| 19 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 things | det |
| 20 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 confirm | obj |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 drew | punct |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 man | det |
| 23 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 drew | nsubj |
| 24 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 custom | parataxis |
| 25 | off | off | ADP | _ | 24 drew | compound:prt |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 shoe | nmod:poss |
| 27 | shoe | shoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 drew | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 gave | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 gave | cc |
| 30 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 drew | conj |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 gave | obj |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 neighbour | case |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 neighbour | nmod:poss |
| 34 | neighbour | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 gave | obl |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 attestation | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 attestation | cc |
| 37 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 40 attestation | nsubj |
| 38 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 attestation | cop |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 attestation | det |
| 40 | attestation | attestation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 custom | conj |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 Israel | case |
| 42 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 attestation | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 custom | punct |
| 44 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 custom | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | this | the custom and the attestation | now; time | tree rules | |||
| 2 | redeem | gerund | former time in Israel not said here | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | exchange | gerund | former time in Israel not said here | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | confirm | to-infinitive | this not said here | all things | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thing=Topic | ||||
| 5 | draw off | past | a man | Israel's shoe | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme | ||||
| 6 | give | past | a man not said here | shoe | Israel's neighbour | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to neighbour=Recipient | |||
| 7 | is a | past | this | the attestation | Israel | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְזֹאת֩ לְפָנִ֨ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל עַל־הַגְּאוּלָּ֤ה וְעַל־הַתְּמוּרָה֙ לְקַיֵּ֣ם כָּל־דָּבָ֔ר שָׁלַ֥ף אִ֛ישׁ נַעֲל֖וֹ וְנָתַ֣ן לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ וְזֹ֥את הַתְּעוּדָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Ruth 4:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:RUT:77 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.77/