1 Samuel 14:52 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: sore war, Saul · What happens: be, see, take · To what, where: mighty man, war

This is 1 Samuel 14:52 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sore war, Saul — and what happens in the verse to mighty man, war, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתְּהִ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ חֲזָקָ֣ה עַל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וְרָאָ֨ה שָׁא֜וּל כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ גִּבּוֹר֙ וְכָל־בֶּן־חַ֔יִל וַיַּאַסְפֵ֖הוּ אֵלָֽיו׃ס

And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of Saul; and when Saul saw any mighty man, or any valiant man, he took him unto him.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 חֲזָקָ֣ה	cc	and
2	תְּהִ֤י	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	5 חֲזָקָ֣ה	cop	it was
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 מִּלְחָמָה֙	det	the
4	מִּלְחָמָה֙	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	5 חֲזָקָ֣ה	nsubj	war
5	חֲזָקָ֣ה	חָזָק	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	root	root	severe
6	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	7 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים	case	on
7	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 חֲזָקָ֣ה	obl	[the] Philistines
8	כֹּ֖ל	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 חֲזָקָ֣ה	obl	all
9	יְמֵ֣י	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 כֹּ֖ל	compound:smixut	the days
10	שָׁא֑וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	9 יְמֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Saul
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 רָאָ֨ה	cc	and
12	רָאָ֨ה	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	5 חֲזָקָ֣ה	conj	he saw
13	שָׁא֜וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	12 רָאָ֨ה	nsubj	Saul
14	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 רָאָ֨ה	obj	every
15	אִ֤ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 כָּל־	compound:smixut	man
16	גִּבּוֹר֙	גִּבּוֹר	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 אִ֤ישׁ	amod	mighty
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 כָל־	cc	and
18	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 כָּל־	conj	every
19	בֶּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 כָל־	compound:smixut	son
20	חַ֔יִל	חַיִל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 בֶּן־	compound:smixut	of strength
21	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 יַּאַסְפ	cc	and
22	יַּאַסְפ	אָסַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	5 חֲזָקָ֣ה	conj	he
23	ֵ֖הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 יַּאַסְפ	obj	gathered him
24	אֵלָֽי	אֶל	ADP	_	25 ו	case	to
25	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 יַּאַסְפ	obl	himself
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 ו	punct
27	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	25 ו	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תְּהִי it was	wayyiqtol · qal	מִּלְחָמָה war
רָאָה he saw	weqatal · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul	אִישׁ man + בֶּן־ son
יַּאַסְפ he	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul	ֵהוּ gathered him

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַהֲוַת קְרָבָא תַּקִיפָא עַל פְּלִישְׁתָּאֵי כָּל יוֹמֵי שָׁאוּל וַחֲזָא שָׁאוּל כָּל גְבַר גִבַּר וְכָל גְבַר עָבֵיד קְרָב וּכְנַשׁ יָתֵיהּ לְוָתֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of Saul; and when Saul saw any mighty man, or any valiant man, he took him unto him.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:347.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.52/