1 Samuel 14:6 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Jonathan, young man, us, LORD, restraint · What happens: say, bear, come, let, go over, be · To what, where: armour, us, garrison · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 14:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan, young man, us, LORD, restraint — and what happens in the verse to armour, us, garrison, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־הַנַּ֣עַר ׀ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו לְכָה֙ וְנַעְבְּרָ֗ה אֶל־מַצַּב֙ הָעֲרֵלִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אוּלַ֛י יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לָ֑נוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין לַֽיהוָה֙ מַעְצ֔וֹר לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ בְּרַ֖ב א֥וֹ בִמְעָֽט׃

And Jonathan said to the young man that bore his armour: 'Come and let us go over unto the garrison of these uncircumcised; it may be that the LORD will work for us; for there is no restraint to the LORD to save by many or by few.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֨אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן	יְהוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	nsubj	Jonathan
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	6 נַּ֣עַר	case	to
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 נַּ֣עַר	det	the young
6	נַּ֣עַר	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	obl	man
7	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	6 נַּ֣עַר	punct
8	נֹשֵׂ֣א	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	6 נַּ֣עַר	appos	the bearer
9	כֵלָ֗י	כְּלִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 נֹשֵׂ֣א	compound:smixut	his armor(s)
10	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 כֵלָ֗י	nmod:poss	his
11	לְכ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	ccomp	come
12	ָה֙	ה	X	_	11 לְכ	nmod
13	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 נַעְבְּרָ֗ה	cc	and
14	נַעְבְּרָ֗ה	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	11 לְכ	conj	let us pass over
15	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	16 מַצַּב֙	case	to
16	מַצַּב֙	מַצָּב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 נַעְבְּרָ֗ה	obl	the garrison
17	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 עֲרֵלִ֣ים	det	of
18	עֲרֵלִ֣ים	עָרֵל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	16 מַצַּב֙	compound:smixut	the uncircumcised [men]
19	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 אֵ֔לֶּה	det	(the)
20	אֵ֔לֶּה	אֵלֶּה	DET	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	18 עֲרֵלִ֣ים	det	these
21	אוּלַ֛י	אוּלַי	ADV	_	22 יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה	advmod	perhaps
22	יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	11 לְכ	parataxis	he will act
23	יְהוָ֖ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	22 יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה	nsubj	Yahweh
24	ל	לְ	ADP	_	25 ָ֑נוּ	case	for
25	ָ֑נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	22 יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה	obl	us
26	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	27 אֵ֤ין	mark	(dm)
27	אֵ֤ין	אַיִן	ADV	_	11 לְכ	advcl	there [is] not
28	לַֽ	לְ	ADP	_	29 יהוָה֙	case	for
29	יהוָה֙	יהוה	PROPN	_	27 אֵ֤ין	obl	Yahweh
30	מַעְצ֔וֹר	מַעְצוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	27 אֵ֤ין	nsubj	limitation
31	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	32 הוֹשִׁ֥יעַ	case	to
32	הוֹשִׁ֥יעַ	יָשַׁע	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	27 אֵ֤ין	advcl	save
33	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	34 רַ֖ב	case	by
34	רַ֖ב	רַב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	32 הוֹשִׁ֥יעַ	obl	many
35	א֥וֹ	אוֹ	CCONJ	_	37 מְעָֽט	cc	or
36	בִ	בְּ	ADP	_	37 מְעָֽט	case	by
37	מְעָֽט	מְעַט	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	34 רַ֖ב	conj	few
38	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	37 מְעָֽט	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan
נֹשֵׂא the bearer	participle active · qal	נַּעַר man	כֵלָי his armor(s)
not לְכ come	imperative · qal	נַּעַר man
נַעְבְּרָה let us pass over	cohortative · qal	יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan + נַּעַר man
יַעֲשֶׂה he will act	yiqtol · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh
הוֹשִׁיעַ save	infinitive construct · hiphil	יהוָה Yahweh

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר יְהוֹנָתָן לְעוּלֵימָא נָטֵל זְיָנֵיהּ אִיתָא וְנֶעְבַּר לְאִסְטַרְטִיג עֲרֵלַיָא הָאִלֵין מָאִים יַעְבֵּיד יְיָ לָנָא נִסָא אֲרֵי לֵית קֳדָם יְיָ מַעְצוֹר לְמִפְרַק בְּסַגִיאֵי אוֹ בִזְעֵירֵי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Jonathan said to the young man that bore his armour: 'Come and let us go over unto the garrison of these uncircumcised; it may be that the LORD will work for us; for there is no restraint to the LORD to save by many or by few.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:301.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.6/