1 Samuel 16:18 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: one, I, son, LORD · What happens: answer, say, see, be, play · To what, where: son, affairs · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 16:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — one, I, son, LORD — and what happens in the verse to son, affairs, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּעַן֩ אֶחָ֨ד מֵהַנְּעָרִ֜ים וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֨ה רָאִ֜יתִי בֵּ֣ן לְיִשַׁי֮ בֵּ֣ית הַלַּחְמִי֒ בֵּ֣ית הַלַּחְמִי֒ יֹדֵ֣עַ נַ֠גֵּן וְגִבּ֨וֹר חַ֜יִל וְאִ֧ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֛ה וּנְב֥וֹן דָּבָ֖ר וְאִ֣ישׁ תֹּ֑אַר וַיהוָ֖ה עִמּֽוֹ׃

Then answered one of the young men, and said: 'Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Beth-lehemite, that is skilful in playing, and a mighty man of valour, and a man of war, and prudent in affairs, and a comely person, and the LORD is with him.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּעַן֩	cc	and
2	יַּעַן֩	עָנָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he answered
3	אֶחָ֨ד	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּעַן֩	nsubj	one
4	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	6 נְּעָרִ֜ים	case	of
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 נְּעָרִ֜ים	det	the young
6	נְּעָרִ֜ים	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 אֶחָ֨ד	nmod	men
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יֹּ֗אמֶר	cc	and
8	יֹּ֗אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּעַן֩	conj	he said
9	הִנֵּ֨ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	10 רָאִ֜יתִי	discourse	here!
10	רָאִ֜יתִי	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	8 יֹּ֗אמֶר	ccomp	I have seen
11	בֵּ֣ן	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 רָאִ֜יתִי	obj	a son
12	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	13 יִשַׁי֮	case	of
13	יִשַׁי֮	יִשַׁי	PROPN	_	11 בֵּ֣ן	nmod	Jesse
14	בֵּ֣ית	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יִשַׁי֮	appos	the
15	הַלַּחְמִי֒	_	NOUN	_	14 בֵּ֣ית	flat
16	בֵּ֣ית	הַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יִשַׁי֮	appos	Bethlehemite
17	הַלַּחְמִי֒	_	NOUN	_	16 בֵּ֣ית	flat
18	יֹדֵ֣עַ	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	11 בֵּ֣ן	acl:relcl	[who] knows
19	נַ֠גֵּן	נָגַן	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	18 יֹדֵ֣עַ	obj	to play
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 גִבּ֨וֹר	cc	and
21	גִבּ֨וֹר	גִּבּוֹר	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 רָאִ֜יתִי	conj	a mighty [man]
22	חַ֜יִל	חַיִל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 גִבּ֨וֹר	compound:smixut	of strength
23	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 אִ֧ישׁ	cc	and
24	אִ֧ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 גִבּ֨וֹר	conj	a man
25	מִלְחָמָ֛ה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	24 אִ֧ישׁ	compound:smixut	of war
26	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 נְב֥וֹן	cc	and [one]
27	נְב֥וֹן	בִּין	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing	21 גִבּ֨וֹר	conj	discerning
28	דָּבָ֖ר	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	27 נְב֥וֹן	compound:smixut	of word
29	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	30 אִ֣ישׁ	cc	and
30	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 גִבּ֨וֹר	conj	a man
31	תֹּ֑אַר	תֹּאַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	30 אִ֣ישׁ	compound:smixut	of form
32	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	35 ֽוֹ	cc	and
33	יהוָ֖ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	35 ֽוֹ	nsubj	Yahweh
34	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	35 ֽוֹ	case	[is] with
35	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 רָאִ֜יתִי	conj	him
36	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	35 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַּעַן he answered	wayyiqtol · qal	אֶחָד one
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	אֶחָד one
רָאִיתִי I have seen	qatal · qal	אֶחָד one	בֵּן a son
יֹדֵעַ [who] knows	participle active · qal	בֵּן a son	יֹדֵעַ [who] knows
נַגֵּן to play	infinitive construct · piel	בֵּן a son
נְבוֹן discerning	participle active · niphal	בֵּן a son

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאָתֵיב חַד מֵעוּלֵימַיָא וַאֲמַר הָא חֲזֵתִי בַּר לְיִשַׁי דְמִבֵּית לֶחֶם יָדַע לְנַגָנָא וְגִבַּר חֵילָא וְגִבַּר עָבִיד קְרָבִין וְסוּכְלָתָן בְּעֵצָה וְגַבְרָא שַׁפִּיר בְּרֵיוָא וּמֵימְרָא דַייָ בְּסַעֲדֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then answered one of the young men, and said: 'Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Beth-lehemite, that is skilful in playing, and a mighty man of valour, and a man of war, and prudent in affairs, and a comely person, and the LORD is with him.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:400.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.18/