1 Samuel 16:21 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: David · What happens: come, stand, love, become · To what, where: Saul, armour bearer

This is 1 Samuel 16:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David — and what happens in the verse to Saul, armour bearer, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּבֹ֤א דָוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖ד לְפָנָ֑יו וַיֶּאֱהָבֵ֣הֽוּ מְאֹ֔ד וַֽיְהִי־ל֖וֹ נֹשֵׂ֥א כֵלִֽים׃

And David came to Saul, and stood before him; and he loved him greatly; and he became his armour-bearer.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּבֹ֤א	cc	and
2	יָּבֹ֤א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he came
3	דָוִד֙	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יָּבֹ֤א	nsubj	David
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	5 שָׁא֔וּל	case	to
5	שָׁא֔וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	2 יָּבֹ֤א	obl	Saul
6	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יַּעֲמֹ֖ד	cc	and
7	יַּעֲמֹ֖ד	עָמַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּבֹ֤א	conj	he stood
8	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	9 פָנָ֑י	case	before
9	פָנָ֑י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 יַּעֲמֹ֖ד	obl
10	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 פָנָ֑י	nmod:poss	him
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יֶּאֱהָב	cc	and
12	יֶּאֱהָב	אָהֵב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּבֹ֤א	conj	he
13	ֵ֣הֽוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 יֶּאֱהָב	obj	loved him
14	מְאֹ֔ד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	12 יֶּאֱהָב	advmod	exceedingly
15	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 נֹשֵׂ֥א	cc	and
16	יְהִי־	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	19 נֹשֵׂ֥א	cop	he was
17	ל	לְ	ADP	_	18 ֖וֹ	case
18	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 נֹשֵׂ֥א	obl	his
19	נֹשֵׂ֥א	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יָּבֹ֤א	conj	a bearer
20	כֵלִֽים	כְּלִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	19 נֹשֵׂ֥א	compound:smixut	of armor(s)
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 כֵלִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יָּבֹא he came	wayyiqtol · qal	דָוִד David
יַּעֲמֹד he stood	wayyiqtol · qal	דָוִד David
יֶּאֱהָב he	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul	ֵהֽוּ loved him
יְהִי־ he was	wayyiqtol · qal	דָוִד David
נֹשֵׂא a bearer	participle active · qal	דָוִד David	כֵלִֽים of armor(s)

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲתָא דָוִד לְוַת שָׁאוּל וְשַׁמֵשׁ קֳדָמוֹהִי וְרִחֲמֵיהּ לַחֲדָא וַהֲוָה לֵיהּ נָטַל זְיָנִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And David came to Saul, and stood before him; and he loved him greatly; and he became his armour-bearer.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:403.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.21/