1 Samuel 16:20 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Jesse · What happens: take, lade, send · To what, where: ass

This is 1 Samuel 16:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jesse — and what happens in the verse to ass, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּקַּ֨ח יִשַׁ֜י חֲמ֥וֹר לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְנֹ֣אד יַ֔יִן וּגְדִ֥י עִזִּ֖ים אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּשְׁלַ֛ח בְּיַד־דָּוִ֥ד בְּנ֖וֹ אֶל־שָׁאֽוּל׃

And Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּקַּ֨ח	cc	and
2	יִּקַּ֨ח	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he took
3	יִשַׁ֜י	יִשַׁי	PROPN	_	2 יִּקַּ֨ח	nsubj	Jesse
4	חֲמ֥וֹר	חֲמוֹר	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 יִּקַּ֨ח	obj	a donkey
5	לֶ֙חֶם֙	לֶחֶם	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 חֲמ֥וֹר	conj	bread
6	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 נֹ֣אד	cc	and
7	נֹ֣אד	נֹאד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 חֲמ֥וֹר	conj	a skin-bottle
8	יַ֔יִן	יַיִן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 נֹ֣אד	compound:smixut	of wine
9	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 גְדִ֥י	cc	and
10	גְדִ֥י	גְּדִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 חֲמ֥וֹר	conj	a kid
11	עִזִּ֖ים	עֵז	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	10 גְדִ֥י	compound:smixut	of goats
12	אֶחָ֑ד	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 גְדִ֥י	nummod	one
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יִּשְׁלַ֛ח	cc	and
14	יִּשְׁלַ֛ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּקַּ֨ח	conj	he sent [them]
15	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	16 יַד־	case	by
16	יַד־	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 יִּשְׁלַ֛ח	obl	the hand
17	דָּוִ֥ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	16 יַד־	compound:smixut	of David
18	בְּנ	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 דָּוִ֥ד	appos	son
19	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 בְּנ	nmod:poss	his
20	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	21 שָׁאֽוּל	case	to
21	שָׁאֽוּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	14 יִּשְׁלַ֛ח	obl	Saul
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 שָׁאֽוּל	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִּקַּח he took	wayyiqtol · qal	יִשַׁי Jesse	חֲמוֹר a donkey + לֶחֶם bread + נֹאד a skin-bottle + גְדִי a kid
יִּשְׁלַח he sent [them]	wayyiqtol · qal	יִשַׁי Jesse	חֲמוֹר a donkey + לֶחֶם bread + נֹאד a skin-bottle + גְדִי a kid

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּנְסִיב יִשַׁי טְעוּן חַמְרָא טְעוּן דְלַחְמָא וּגְרַב דַחֲמָר וְגַדְיָא בַר עִזֵי חַד וְשַׁדַר בְּיַד דָוִד בְּרֵיהּ לְוַת שָׁאוּל:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:402.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.16.20/