1 Samuel 17:26 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: David, men, man, Israel · What happens: speak, stand, say, do, kill, take away · To what, where: Philistine, taunt, Israel, uncircumcised Philistine, armies · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 17:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, men, man, Israel — and what happens in the verse to Philistine, taunt, Israel, uncircumcised Philistine, armies, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד אֶֽל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים הָעֹמְדִ֣ים עִמּוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה לָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַכֶּה֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַלָּ֔ז וְהֵסִ֥יר חֶרְפָּ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י מִ֗י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י הֶֽעָרֵל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכ֖וֹת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃

And David spoke to the men that stood by him, saying: 'What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh away the taunt from Israel? for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should have taunted the armies of the living God?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	דָּוִ֗ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	David
4	אֶֽל־	אֶל	ADP	_	6 אֲנָשִׁ֞ים	case	to
5	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 אֲנָשִׁ֞ים	det	the
6	אֲנָשִׁ֞ים	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	obl	men
7	הָ	הַ	SCONJ	_	8 עֹמְדִ֣ים	mark	[who
8	עֹמְדִ֣ים	עָמַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	6 אֲנָשִׁ֞ים	acl:relcl	were] standing
9	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	10 וֹ֮	case	with
10	וֹ֮	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 עֹמְדִ֣ים	obl	him
11	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	14 יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה	mark	(cmp)
12	אמֹר֒	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	11 לֵ	fixed
13	מַה־	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	14 יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה	nsubj	what?
14	יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	will it be done
15	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	17 אִישׁ֙	case	for
16	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 אִישׁ֙	det	the
17	אִישׁ֙	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה	obl	man
18	אֲשֶׁ֤ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	19 יַכֶּה֙	mark	who
19	יַכֶּה֙	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	17 אִישׁ֙	acl:relcl	he will strike down
20	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	22 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י	case	(et)
21	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י	det	the
22	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 יַכֶּה֙	obj	Philistine
23	הַלָּ֔ז	הַ	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	22 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י	amod	this
24	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 הֵסִ֥יר	cc	and
25	הֵסִ֥יר	סוּר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	19 יַכֶּה֙	conj	he will remove
26	חֶרְפָּ֖ה	חֶרְפָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	25 הֵסִ֥יר	obj	reproach
27	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	29 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	case	from
28	עַ֣ל	עַל	ADP	_	29 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	case	on
29	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	25 הֵסִ֥יר	obl	Israel
30	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	31 מִ֗י	mark	(dm)
31	מִ֗י	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	14 יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה	advcl	who?
32	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	33 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י	det	[is] the
33	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	31 מִ֗י	nsubj	Philistine
34	הֶֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	35 עָרֵל֙	det	(the)
35	עָרֵל֙	עָרֵל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	33 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י	amod	uncircumcised
36	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	37 זֶּ֔ה	det	(the)
37	זֶּ֔ה	זֶה	DET	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	33 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י	det	this
38	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	39 חֵרֵ֔ף	mark	(cmp)
39	חֵרֵ֔ף	חָרַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	31 מִ֗י	parataxis	he has defied
40	מַעַרְכ֖וֹת	מַעֲרָכָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	39 חֵרֵ֔ף	obj	the battle lines
41	אֱלֹהִ֥ים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	40 מַעַרְכ֖וֹת	compound:smixut	of God
42	חַיִּֽים	חַי	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	41 אֱלֹהִ֥ים	amod	living
43	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	42 חַיִּֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
עֹמְדִים were] standing	participle active · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	דָּוִד David
יֵּעָשֶׂה will it be done	yiqtol · niphal		מַה־ what?
יַכֶּה he will strike down	yiqtol · hiphil	פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine
הֵסִיר he will remove	weqatal · hiphil	חֶרְפָּה reproach
חֵרֵף he has defied	qatal · piel	פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine	מַעַרְכוֹת the battle lines

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר דָוִד לְגַבְרַיָא דְקַיְמִין עִמֵיהּ לְמֵימַר מַה יִתְעֲבֵיד לְגַבְרָא דְיִקְטוֹל יַת פְלִישְׁתָּאָה דֵיכִי וְיַעְדִי חִסוּדָא מֵעַל יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי מַן פְלִשְׁתָּאָה עֲרֵלָא הָדֵין אֲרֵי חֲסַד סִדְרֵי עַבְדֵי קְרָבָא דְעַמֵיהּ דַייָ קַיָמָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And David spoke to the men that stood by him, saying: 'What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh away the taunt from Israel? for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should have taunted the armies of the living God?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:431.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.26/