1 Samuel 17:44 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Philistine, I · What happens: say, come, give · To what, where: David, me, flesh · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 17:44 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Philistine, I — and what happens in the verse to David, me, flesh, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד לְכָ֣ה אֵלַ֔י וְאֶתְּנָה֙ אֶת־בְּשָׂ֣רְךָ֔ לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ס

And the Philistine said to David: 'Come to me, and I will give thy flesh unto the fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֥אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֥אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י	det	the
4	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֥אמֶר	nsubj	Philistine
5	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	6 דָּוִ֑ד	case	to
6	דָּוִ֑ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֥אמֶר	obl	David
7	לְכ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יֹּ֥אמֶר	ccomp	come
8	ָ֣ה	ה	X	_	7 לְכ	nmod
9	אֵל	אֶל	ADP	_	10 ַ֔י	case	to
10	ַ֔י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 לְכ	obl	me
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 אֶתְּנָה֙	cc	so
12	אֶתְּנָה֙	נָתַן	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	7 לְכ	conj	that I may give
13	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	14 בְּשָׂ֣ר	case	(et)
14	בְּשָׂ֣ר	בָּשָׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 אֶתְּנָה֙	obj	flesh
15	ְךָ֔	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 בְּשָׂ֣ר	nmod:poss	your
16	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	17 ע֥וֹף	case	to
17	ע֥וֹף	עוֹף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 אֶתְּנָה֙	obl	the bird[s]
18	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 שָּׁמַ֖יִם	det	of
19	שָּׁמַ֖יִם	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	17 ע֥וֹף	compound:smixut	the heavens
20	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 בֶהֱמַ֥ת	cc	and
21	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	22 בֶהֱמַ֥ת	case	to
22	בֶהֱמַ֥ת	בְּהֵמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	17 ע֥וֹף	conj	the animal[s]
23	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 שָּׂדֶֽה	det	of
24	שָּׂדֶֽה	שָׂדֶה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 בֶהֱמַ֥ת	compound:smixut	the field
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 שָּׂדֶֽה	punct
26	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	24 שָּׂדֶֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine
לְכ come	imperative · qal	דָּוִד David
אֶתְּנָה that I may give	yiqtol · qal	פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine	בְּשָׂר flesh

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר פְּלִשְׁתָּאָה לְדָוִד אִיתָא לְוָתִי וְאֶתֵּן יַת בִּסְרָךְ לְעוֹפָא דִשְׁמַיָא וְלִבְעִירָא דְאַרְעָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the Philistine said to David: 'Come to me, and I will give thy flesh unto the fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:449.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.44/