1 Samuel 17:45 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: David, Thou, I · What happens: say, come, taunt, name · To what, where: me, name, God, LORD · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 17:45 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, Thou, I — and what happens in the verse to me, name, God, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י בְּחֶ֖רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֣ית וּבְכִיד֑וֹן וְאָנֹכִ֣י בָֽא־אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֛י מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃

Then said David to the Philistine: 'Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a javelin; but I come to thee in the name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast taunted.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֤אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	דָּוִד֙	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	nsubj	David
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	6 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י	case	to
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י	det	the
6	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	obl	Philistine
7	אַתָּה֙	אַתָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 בָּ֣א	nsubj	you
8	בָּ֣א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	ccomp	[are] coming
9	אֵל	אֶל	ADP	_	10 ַ֔י	case	against
10	ַ֔י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 בָּ֣א	obl	me
11	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	12 חֶ֖רֶב	case	with
12	חֶ֖רֶב	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 בָּ֣א	obl	sword
13	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 חֲנִ֣ית	cc	and
14	בַ	בְּ	ADP	_	15 חֲנִ֣ית	case	with
15	חֲנִ֣ית	חֲנִית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 חֶ֖רֶב	conj	spear
16	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 כִיד֑וֹן	cc	and
17	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 כִיד֑וֹן	case	with
18	כִיד֑וֹן	כִּידוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 חֶ֖רֶב	conj	javelin
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 בָֽא־	cc	and
20	אָנֹכִ֣י	אָנֹכִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	21 בָֽא־	nsubj	I
21	בָֽא־	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	8 בָּ֣א	conj	[am] coming
22	אֵלֶ֗י	אֶל	ADP	_	23 ךָ	case	against
23	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	21 בָֽא־	obl	you
24	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	25 שֵׁם֙	case	in
25	שֵׁם֙	שֵׁם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 בָֽא־	obl	the name
26	יְהוָ֣ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	25 שֵׁם֙	compound:smixut	of Yahweh
27	צְבָא֔וֹת	צָבָא	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 יְהוָ֣ה	compound:smixut	of hosts
28	אֱלֹהֵ֛י	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	26 יְהוָ֣ה	appos	the God
29	מַעַרְכ֥וֹת	מַעֲרָכָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	28 אֱלֹהֵ֛י	compound:smixut	of the battle lines
30	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	29 מַעַרְכ֥וֹת	compound:smixut	of Israel
31	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	32 חֵרַֽפְתָּ	mark	whom
32	חֵרַֽפְתָּ	חָרַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2	26 יְהוָ֣ה	acl:relcl	you have defied
33	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	32 חֵרַֽפְתָּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
בָּא [are] coming	participle active · qal	אַתָּה you
בָֽא־ [am] coming	participle active · qal	אָנֹכִי I
חֵרַֽפְתָּ you have defied	qatal · piel	פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine	יְהוָה of Yahweh

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר דָוִד לִפְלִשְׁתָּאָה אַתְּ אָתֵי עָלַי בְּחַרְבָּא וּבְמוּרְנִיתָא וּבְרוֹמְחָא וַאֲנָא אָתֵי עֲלָךְ בִּשְׁמָא דַייָ צְבָאוֹת אֱלָהָא דְסִדְרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל דַחֲסַדְתָּא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then said David to the Philistine: 'Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a javelin; but I come to thee in the name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast taunted.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:450.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.45/