1 Samuel 17:48 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: battle, Philistine, David · What happens: come, pass, arise, draw, meet, hasten · To what, where: David, army, Philistine

This is 1 Samuel 17:48 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — battle, Philistine, David — and what happens in the verse to David, army, Philistine, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־קָ֣ם הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ וַיִּקְרַ֖ב לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֑ד וַיְמַהֵ֣ר דָּוִ֔ד וַיָּ֥רָץ הַמַּעֲרָכָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃

And it came to pass, when the Philistine arose, and came and drew nigh to meet David, that David hastened, and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 הָיָה֙	cc	and
2	הָיָה֙	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	4 קָ֣ם	mark	(dm)
4	קָ֣ם	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 הָיָה֙	advcl	he arose
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י	det	the
6	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 קָ֣ם	nsubj	Philistine
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יֵּ֥לֶךְ	cc	and
8	יֵּ֥לֶךְ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 הָיָה֙	conj	he came
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יִּקְרַ֖ב	cc	and
10	יִּקְרַ֖ב	קָרַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 יֵּ֥לֶךְ	conj	he drew near
11	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	12 קְרַ֣את	case	to
12	קְרַ֣את	קָרָא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	8 יֵּ֥לֶךְ	advcl	meet
13	דָּוִ֑ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	12 קְרַ֣את	obj	David
14	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 יְמַהֵ֣ר	cc	and
15	יְמַהֵ֣ר	מָהַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 הָיָה֙	conj	he hurried
16	דָּוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	15 יְמַהֵ֣ר	nsubj	David
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 יָּ֥רָץ	cc	and
18	יָּ֥רָץ	רוּץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 הָיָה֙	conj	he ran
19	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 מַּעֲרָכָ֖ה	det	the battle
20	מַּעֲרָכָ֖ה	מַעֲרָכָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	18 יָּ֥רָץ	obl	line
21	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	22 קְרַ֥את	case	to
22	קְרַ֥את	קָרָא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	18 יָּ֥רָץ	advcl	meet
23	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 פְּלִשְׁתִּֽי	det	the
24	פְּלִשְׁתִּֽי	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 קְרַ֥את	obj	Philistine
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 פְּלִשְׁתִּֽי	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
קָם he arose	qatal · qal	פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine
יֵּלֶךְ he came	wayyiqtol · qal	פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine
יִּקְרַב he drew near	wayyiqtol · qal	פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine
קְרַאת meet	infinitive construct · qal	פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine	דָּוִד David
יְמַהֵר he hurried	wayyiqtol · piel	דָּוִד David
יָּרָץ he ran	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
קְרַאת meet	infinitive construct · qal	דָּוִד David	פְּלִשְׁתִּֽי Philistine

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַהֲוָה כַּד קָם פְּלִשְׁתָּאָה וַאֲזַל וּקְרַב לִקֳדָמוּת דָוִד וְאוֹחֵי דָוִד וּרְהַט לְסִדְרָא לָקֳדָמוּת פְּלִשְׁתָּאָה:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And it came to pass, when the Philistine arose, and came and drew nigh to meet David, that David hastened, and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:453.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.17.48/