1 Samuel 18:1 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: he, end, Jonathan · What happens: come, pass, make, speak, knit, love · To what, where: it, end, soul, David · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 18:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — he, end, Jonathan — and what happens in the verse to it, end, soul, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְהִ֗י כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן נִקְשְׁרָ֖ה בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ דָּוִ֑ד וַיֶּאֱהָבֵ֥הוּ יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃

And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהִ֗י	cc	and
2	יְהִ֗י	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	4 כַלֹּת	case	just
4	כַלֹּת	כָּלָה	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	2 יְהִ֗י	advcl	as
5	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 כַלֹּת	nsubj	he finished
6	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	7 דַבֵּ֣ר	case	to
7	דַבֵּ֣ר	דָבַר	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	4 כַלֹּת	xcomp	speak
8	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	9 שָׁא֔וּל	case	to
9	שָׁא֔וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	7 דַבֵּ֣ר	obl	Saul
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 נִקְשְׁרָ֖ה	cc	and
11	נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙	נֶפֶשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 נִקְשְׁרָ֖ה	nsubj	the self
12	יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן	יְהוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	11 נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙	compound:smixut	of Jonathan
13	נִקְשְׁרָ֖ה	קָשַׁר	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֗י	conj	it was bound
14	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	15 נֶ֣פֶשׁ	case	with
15	נֶ֣פֶשׁ	נֶפֶשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 נִקְשְׁרָ֖ה	obl	the self
16	דָּוִ֑ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	15 נֶ֣פֶשׁ	compound:smixut	of David
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 יֶּאֱהָב	cc	and
18	יֶּאֱהָב	אָהֵב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֗י	conj	he
19	ֵ֥הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 יֶּאֱהָב	obj	loved him
20	יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן	יְהוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	18 יֶּאֱהָב	nsubj	Jonathan
21	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	22 נַפְשׁ	case	like
22	נַפְשׁ	נֶפֶשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 יֶּאֱהָב	obl	his own
23	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 נַפְשׁ	nmod:poss	self
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
כַלֹּת as	infinitive construct · piel	וֹ he finished
דַבֵּר speak	infinitive construct · piel
נִקְשְׁרָה it was bound	qatal · niphal		נֶפֶשׁ the self
יֶּאֱהָב he	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan	ֵהוּ loved him

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַהֲוָה כַּד שֵׁיצֵי לְמַלָלָא עִם שָׁאוּל וְנַפְשָׁא דִיהוֹנָתָן אִתְחַבִּיבַת בְּנַפְשָׁא דְדָוִד וְרַחֲמֵיהּ יְהוֹנָתָן כְּנַפְשֵׁיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:464.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.18.1/