1 Samuel 19:8 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: war, David, Jonathan · What happens: be, go out, fight, slay, flee · To what, where: Jonathan

This is 1 Samuel 19:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — war, David, Jonathan — and what happens in the verse to Jonathan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתּ֥וֹסֶף הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה לִֽהְי֑וֹת וַיֵּצֵ֨א דָוִ֜ד וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיַּ֤ךְ בָּהֶם֙ מַכָּ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃

And there was war again; and David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and slew them with a great slaughter; and they fled before him.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 תּ֥וֹסֶף	cc	and
2	תּ֥וֹסֶף	יָסַף	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it repeated
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 מִּלְחָמָ֖ה	det	the
4	מִּלְחָמָ֖ה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 תּ֥וֹסֶף	nsubj	war
5	לִֽ	לְ	ADP	_	6 הְי֑וֹת	case	to
6	הְי֑וֹת	הָיָה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 תּ֥וֹסֶף	xcomp	be
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יֵּצֵ֨א	cc	and
8	יֵּצֵ֨א	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תּ֥וֹסֶף	conj	he went out
9	דָוִ֜ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	8 יֵּצֵ֨א	nsubj	David
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יִּלָּ֣חֶם	cc	and
11	יִּלָּ֣חֶם	לָחַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תּ֥וֹסֶף	conj	he fought
12	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	14 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים	case	against
13	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים	det	the
14	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 יִּלָּ֣חֶם	obl	Philistines
15	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 יַּ֤ךְ	cc	and
16	יַּ֤ךְ	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תּ֥וֹסֶף	conj	he defeated
17	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 ָהֶם֙	case	(in)
18	ָהֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 יַּ֤ךְ	obl	them
19	מַכָּ֣ה	מַכָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	16 יַּ֤ךְ	obl	a defeat
20	גְדוֹלָ֔ה	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	19 מַכָּ֣ה	amod	great
21	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 יָּנֻ֖סוּ	cc	and
22	יָּנֻ֖סוּ	נוּס	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 תּ֥וֹסֶף	conj	they fled
23	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	24 פָּנָֽי	case	from
24	פָּנָֽי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 יָּנֻ֖סוּ	obl	before
25	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 פָּנָֽי	nmod:poss	him
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 ו	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
תּוֹסֶף it repeated	wayyiqtol · hiphil	מִּלְחָמָה war
הְיוֹת be	infinitive construct · qal	מִּלְחָמָה war
יֵּצֵא he went out	wayyiqtol · qal	דָוִד David
יִּלָּחֶם he fought	wayyiqtol · niphal	דָוִד David
יַּךְ he defeated	wayyiqtol · hiphil	דָוִד David
יָּנֻסוּ they fled	wayyiqtol · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאוֹסִיפוּ עַבְדֵי קְרָבָא לְמֶהֱוֵי וּנְפַק דָוִד וְאַגִיחַ קְרָבָא בִּפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וּמְחָא בְהוֹן מְחָא סַגִיאָה וְאַפִּיכוּ מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And there was war again; and David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and slew them with a great slaughter; and they fled before him.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:501.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.19.8/