1 Samuel 20:3 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: David, father, I, Jonathan, LORD, soul · What happens: swear, say, know, find, not let, grieve · To what, where: favour, eyes, Jonathan, this, David · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 20:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, father, I, Jonathan, LORD, soul — and what happens in the verse to favour, eyes, Jonathan, this, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּשָּׁבַ֨ע ע֜וֹד דָּוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יָדֹ֨עַ יָדַ֜ע אָבִ֗יךָ כִּֽי־מָצָ֤אתִי חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אַל־יֵֽדַע־זֹ֥את יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן פֶּן־יֵֽעָצֵ֑ב וְאוּלָ֗ם חַי־יְהוָה֙ וְחֵ֣י נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ כִּ֣י כְפֶ֔שַׂע בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵ֥ין הַמָּֽוֶת׃

And David swore moreover, and said: 'Thy father knoweth well that I have found favour in thine eyes; and he saith: Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved; but truly as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּשָּׁבַ֨ע	cc	and
2	יִּשָּׁבַ֨ע	שָׁבַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he swore an oath
3	ע֜וֹד	עוֹד	ADV	_	2 יִּשָּׁבַ֨ע	advmod	again
4	דָּוִ֗ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יִּשָּׁבַ֨ע	nsubj	David
5	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	cc	and
6	יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּשָּׁבַ֨ע	conj	he said
7	יָדֹ֨עַ	יָדַע	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	8 יָדַ֜ע	obl:npmod	well (know)
8	יָדַ֜ע	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	ccomp	he knows
9	אָבִ֗י	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 יָדַ֜ע	nsubj	father
10	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 אָבִ֗י	nmod:poss	your
11	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	12 מָצָ֤אתִי	mark	(dm) that
12	מָצָ֤אתִי	מָצָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	8 יָדַ֜ע	ccomp	I have found
13	חֵן֙	חֵן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 מָצָ֤אתִי	obj	favor
14	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	15 עֵינֶ֔י	case	in
15	עֵינֶ֔י	עַיִן	NOUN	Number=Dual	12 מָצָ֤אתִי	obl	eyes
16	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	15 עֵינֶ֔י	nmod:poss	your
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 יֹּ֛אמֶר	cc	and
18	יֹּ֛אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּשָּׁבַ֨ע	conj	he has said
19	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	20 יֵֽדַע־	advmod	not
20	יֵֽדַע־	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	18 יֹּ֛אמֶר	ccomp	let him know
21	זֹ֥את	זֹאת	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing PronType=Dem	20 יֵֽדַע־	obj	this
22	יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן	יְהוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	20 יֵֽדַע־	nsubj	Jonathan
23	פֶּן־	פֶּן	SCONJ	_	24 יֵֽעָצֵ֑ב	mark	lest
24	יֵֽעָצֵ֑ב	עָצַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	20 יֵֽדַע־	advcl	he should be grieved
25	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 חַי־	cc	and
26	אוּלָ֗ם	אוּלָם	ADV	_	27 חַי־	advmod	but
27	חַי־	חַי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 יֵֽדַע־	conj	[by] the life
28	יְהוָה֙	יהוה	PROPN	_	27 חַי־	nsubj	of Yahweh
29	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	30 חֵ֣י	cc	and [by]
30	חֵ֣י	חַי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	27 חַי־	conj	the life
31	נַפְשׁ	נֶפֶשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 חֵ֣י	nsubj	your self
32	ֶ֔ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	31 נַפְשׁ	nmod:poss	your
33	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	35 פֶ֔שַׂע	mark	(dm)
34	כְ	כְּ	ADP	_	35 פֶ֔שַׂע	case	about
35	פֶ֔שַׂע	פֶּשַׂע	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 יֵֽדַע־	advcl	a step
36	בֵּינ	בֵּין	ADP	_	37 ִ֖י	case	[is] between
37	ִ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	35 פֶ֔שַׂע	obl	me
38	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	41 מָּֽוֶת	cc	and
39	בֵ֥ין	בֵּין	ADP	_	41 מָּֽוֶת	case	between
40	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	41 מָּֽוֶת	det	(the)
41	מָּֽוֶת	מָוֶת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	37 ִ֖י	conj	death
42	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	41 מָּֽוֶת	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּשָּׁבַע he swore an oath	wayyiqtol · niphal	דָּוִד David
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
יָדַע he knows	qatal · qal	אָבִי father	מָצָאתִי I have found
מָצָאתִי I have found	qatal · qal	דָּוִד David	חֵן favor
יֹּאמֶר he has said	wayyiqtol · qal	אָבִי father
not יֵֽדַע־ let him know	jussive · qal	יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan	זֹאת this
יֵֽעָצֵב he should be grieved	yiqtol · niphal		יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְקַיֵם עוֹד דָוִד וַאֲמַר מִדַע יְדַע אֲבוּךְ אֲרֵי אַשְׁכְּחִית רַחֲמִין בְּעֵינָךְ וַאֲמַר לָא יְדַע דָא יְהוֹנָתָן דִלְמָא יִתְנְסֵיס וּבְרַם קַיָם הוּא יְיָ וְחַיֵי נַפְשָׁךְ אֲרֵי כְפִסְעָא חֲדָא בֵּינָא וּבֵין מוֹתָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And David swore moreover, and said: 'Thy father knoweth well that I have found favour in thine eyes; and he saith: Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved; but truly as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:520.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.3/