1 Samuel 20:34 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Jonathan, father · What happens: arise, eat, grieve, put · To what, where: table, food, Jonathan

This is 1 Samuel 20:34 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan, father — and what happens in the verse to table, food, Jonathan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּ֧קָם יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן מֵעִ֥ם הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ן בָּחֳרִי־אָ֑ף וְלֹא־אָכַ֞ל בְּיוֹם־הַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי֙ לֶ֔חֶם כִּ֤י נֶעְצַב֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד כִּ֥י הִכְלִמ֖וֹ אָבִֽיו׃ס

So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, and because his father had put him to shame.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּ֧קָם	cc	and
2	יָּ֧קָם	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he arose
3	יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן	יְהוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	2 יָּ֧קָם	nsubj	Jonathan
4	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	7 שֻּׁלְחָ֖ן	case	from
5	עִ֥ם	עִם	ADP	_	7 שֻּׁלְחָ֖ן	case	with
6	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 שֻּׁלְחָ֖ן	det	the
7	שֻּׁלְחָ֖ן	שֻׁלְחָן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יָּ֧קָם	obl	table
8	בָּ	בְּ	ADP	_	9 חֳרִי־	case	in [the]
9	חֳרִי־	חֳרִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יָּ֧קָם	obl	heat
10	אָ֑ף	אַף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 חֳרִי־	compound:smixut	of anger
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 אָכַ֞ל	cc	and
12	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	13 אָכַ֞ל	advmod	not
13	אָכַ֞ל	אָכַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֧קָם	conj	he ate
14	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	15 יוֹם־	case	on
15	יוֹם־	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 אָכַ֞ל	obl	the day
16	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 חֹ֤דֶשׁ	det	of
17	חֹ֤דֶשׁ	חֹדֶשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 יוֹם־	compound:smixut	the new moon
18	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 שֵּׁנִי֙	det	(the)
19	שֵּׁנִי֙	שֵׁנִי	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 יוֹם־	appos	second
20	לֶ֔חֶם	לֶחֶם	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 אָכַ֞ל	obj	food
21	כִּ֤י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	22 נֶעְצַב֙	mark	(dm)
22	נֶעְצַב֙	עָצַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֧קָם	advcl	he was grieved
23	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	24 דָּוִ֔ד	case	concerning
24	דָּוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	22 נֶעְצַב֙	obl	David
25	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	26 הִכְלִמ	mark	(dm)
26	הִכְלִמ	כָּלַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָּ֧קָם	advcl	he
27	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 הִכְלִמ	obj	had put him to shame
28	אָבִֽי	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 הִכְלִמ	nsubj	father
29	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 אָבִֽי	nmod:poss	his
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 ו	punct
31	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	29 ו	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יָּקָם he arose	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan
not אָכַל he ate	qatal · qal	יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan	לֶחֶם food
נֶעְצַב he was grieved	qatal · niphal	יְהוֹנָתָן Jonathan
הִכְלִמ he	qatal · hiphil	וֹ had put him to shame		אָבִֽי father

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְקַם יְהוֹנָתָן מֵעִם פְּתוֹרָא בִתְקֵיף רוּגְזָא וְלָא אֲכַל בְּיוֹם עִבּוּר יַרְחָא תִּנְיָנָא לַחְמָא אֲרֵי אִתְנְסִיס עַל דָוִד אֲרֵי אַכְלִימֵיהּ אֲבוּהִי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, and because his father had put him to shame.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:551.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.20.34/