1 Samuel 21:14 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: David, spittle · What happens: change, feign, scrabble, let, fall down · To what, where: demeanour, David, hands, doors, spittle, beard

This is 1 Samuel 21:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, spittle — and what happens in the verse to demeanour, David, hands, doors, spittle, beard, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְשַׁנּ֤וֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ֙ בְּעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּתְהֹלֵ֖ל בְּיָדָ֑ם וַיְתָיו֙ עַל־דַּלְת֣וֹת הַשַּׁ֔עַר וַיּ֥וֹרֶד רִיר֖וֹ אֶל־זְקָנֽוֹ׃

And he changed his demeanour before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְשַׁנּ	cc	and
2	יְשַׁנּ	שָׁנָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he
3	֤וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יְשַׁנּ	obj	changed it
4	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	5 טַעְמ	case	(et)
5	טַעְמ	טַעַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 ֤וֹ	appos	sense
6	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 טַעְמ	nmod:poss	his
7	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	8 עֵ֣ינֵי	case	in
8	עֵ֣ינֵי	עַיִן	NOUN	Number=Dual	2 יְשַׁנּ	obl	eyes
9	הֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 עֵ֣ינֵי	nmod:poss	their
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יִּתְהֹלֵ֖ל	cc	and
11	יִּתְהֹלֵ֖ל	הָלַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְשַׁנּ	conj	he acted like a madman
12	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	13 יָד	case	in
13	יָד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 יִּתְהֹלֵ֖ל	obl	hand
14	ָ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 יָד	nmod:poss	their
15	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 יְתָיו֙	cc	and
16	יְתָיו֙	תָּוָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְשַׁנּ	conj	he made marks
17	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	18 דַּלְת֣וֹת	case	on
18	דַּלְת֣וֹת	דֶּלֶת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	16 יְתָיו֙	obl	the doors
19	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 שַּׁ֔עַר	det	of
20	שַּׁ֔עַר	שַׁעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 דַּלְת֣וֹת	compound:smixut	the gate
21	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 יּ֥וֹרֶד	cc	and
22	יּ֥וֹרֶד	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְשַׁנּ	conj	he made to flow down
23	רִיר	רִיר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 יּ֥וֹרֶד	obj	spittle
24	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 רִיר	nmod:poss	his
25	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	26 זְקָנ	case	to
26	זְקָנ	זָקָן	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 יּ֥וֹרֶד	obl	beard
27	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 זְקָנ	nmod:poss	his
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יְשַׁנּ he	wayyiqtol · piel		וֹ changed it
יִּתְהֹלֵל he acted like a madman	wayyiqtol · hithpolel
יְתָיו he made marks	wayyiqtol · piel
יּוֹרֶד he made to flow down	wayyiqtol · hiphil	רִיר spittle

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאַשְׁנֵי יַת טַעְמֵיהּ בְּעֵינֵיהוֹן וְאִשְׁתְּמַם בִּידֵיהוֹן וּמְסָרֵט עַל דָשֵׁי תַרְעָא וּמָחַת רִירֵיהּ עַל דִקְנֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And he changed his demeanour before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:573.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.14/