1 Samuel 21:5 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: priest, common bread, holy bread, young men · What happens: answer, say, be, keep · To what, where: David, hand, loaves · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 21:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — priest, common bread, holy bread, young men — and what happens in the verse to David, hand, loaves, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּ֨עַן הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־דָּוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר אֵֽין־לֶ֥חֶם חֹ֖ל אֶל־תַּ֣חַת יָדִ֑י כִּֽי־אִם־לֶ֤חֶם קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יֵ֔שׁ אִם־נִשְׁמְר֥וּ הַנְּעָרִ֖ים אַ֥ךְ מֵאִשָּֽׁה׃פ

And the priest answered David, and said: 'There is no common bread under my hand, but there is holy bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּ֨עַן	cc	and
2	יַּ֨עַן	עָנָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he answered
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 כֹּהֵ֤ן	det	the
4	כֹּהֵ֤ן	כֹּהֵן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּ֨עַן	nsubj	priest
5	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	6 דָּוִד֙	case	(et)
6	דָּוִד֙	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יַּ֨עַן	obj	David
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יֹּ֔אמֶר	cc	and
8	יֹּ֔אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּ֨עַן	conj	he said
9	אֵֽין־	אַיִן	ADV	_	13 תַּ֣חַת	advmod	there [is] not
10	לֶ֥חֶם	לֶחֶם	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 תַּ֣חַת	nsubj	bread
11	חֹ֖ל	חֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 לֶ֥חֶם	compound:smixut	of profaneness
12	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	13 תַּ֣חַת	case	to
13	תַּ֣חַת	תַּחַת	NOUN	_	8 יֹּ֔אמֶר	ccomp	under
14	יָד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 תַּ֣חַת	compound:smixut	hand
15	ִ֑י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 יָד	nmod:poss	my
16	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	20 יֵ֔שׁ	mark	(dm)
17	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	16 כִּֽי־	fixed	(if)
18	לֶ֤חֶם	לֶחֶם	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 יֵ֔שׁ	nsubj	bread
19	קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙	קֹדֶשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 לֶ֤חֶם	compound:smixut	of holiness
20	יֵ֔שׁ	יֵשׁ	ADV	_	13 תַּ֣חַת	parataxis	there [is]
21	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	22 נִשְׁמְר֥וּ	mark	if
22	נִשְׁמְר֥וּ	שָׁמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	13 תַּ֣חַת	parataxis	they have kept themselves
23	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 נְּעָרִ֖ים	det	the young
24	נְּעָרִ֖ים	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	22 נִשְׁמְר֥וּ	nsubj	men
25	אַ֥ךְ	אַךְ	ADV	_	27 אִשָּֽׁה	advmod	only
26	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	27 אִשָּֽׁה	case	from
27	אִשָּֽׁה	אִשָּׁה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	22 נִשְׁמְר֥וּ	obl	a woman
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 אִשָּֽׁה	punct
29	פ	פ	PUNCT	_	27 אִשָּֽׁה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַּעַן he answered	wayyiqtol · qal	כֹּהֵן priest	דָּוִד David
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	כֹּהֵן priest
נִשְׁמְרוּ they have kept themselves	qatal · niphal	נְּעָרִים men

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲתֵיב כַּהֲנָא יַת דָוִד וַאֲמַר לֵית לְחֵם חוֹלִין לִתְחוֹת יְדָי אֱלָהֵין לַחְמָא דְקֻדְשָׁא אִית בְּרַם אִם נָטְרִין עוּלֵימַיָא לְחוֹד מִסוֹאֲבַת אִתְּתָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the priest answered David, and said: 'There is no common bread under my hand, but there is holy bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:564.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.21.5/