1 Samuel 23:18 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: strongholds, David, Jonathan · What happens: make, abide, go · To what, where: covenant, wood, house

This is 1 Samuel 23:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — strongholds, David, Jonathan — and what happens in the verse to covenant, wood, house, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּכְרְת֧וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב דָּוִד֙ בַּחֹ֔רְשָׁה וִיהוֹנָתָ֖ן הָלַ֥ךְ לְבֵיתֽוֹ׃ס

And they two made a covenant before the LORD; and David abode in the wood, and Jonathan went to his house.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּכְרְת֧וּ	cc	and
2	יִּכְרְת֧וּ	כָּרַת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they made
3	שְׁנֵי	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	4 הֶ֛ם	nummod	the two
4	הֶ֛ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יִּכְרְת֧וּ	nsubj	of them
5	בְּרִ֖ית	בְּרִית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 יִּכְרְת֧וּ	obj	a covenant
6	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	7 פְנֵ֣י	case	before
7	פְנֵ֣י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 יִּכְרְת֧וּ	obl
8	יְהוָ֑ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	7 פְנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	Yahweh
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יֵּ֤שֶׁב	cc	and
10	יֵּ֤שֶׁב	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּכְרְת֧וּ	conj	he remained
11	דָּוִד֙	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	10 יֵּ֤שֶׁב	nsubj	David
12	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	14 חֹ֔רְשָׁה	case	at
13	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 חֹ֔רְשָׁה	det	(the)
14	חֹ֔רְשָׁה	חֹרְשָׁה	PROPN	_	10 יֵּ֤שֶׁב	obl	Horesh
15	וִ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 הָלַ֥ךְ	cc	and
16	יהוֹנָתָ֖ן	יְהוֹנָתָן	PROPN	_	17 הָלַ֥ךְ	nsubj	Jonathan
17	הָלַ֥ךְ	הָלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יִּכְרְת֧וּ	conj	he went
18	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	19 בֵית	case	to
19	בֵית	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 הָלַ֥ךְ	obl	house
20	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 בֵית	nmod:poss	his
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 ֽוֹ	punct
22	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	20 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּכְרְתוּ they made	wayyiqtol · qal	הֶם of them	בְּרִית a covenant
יֵּשֶׁב he remained	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David
הָלַךְ he went	qatal · qal	יהוֹנָתָן Jonathan

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּגְזָרוּ תַרְוֵיהוֹן קְיָם קֳדָם יְיָ וִיתֵיב דָוִד בַּחוֹרְשָׁא וִיהוֹנָתָן אֲזַל לְבֵיתֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And they two made a covenant before the LORD; and David abode in the wood, and Jonathan went to his house.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:616.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.18/