1 Samuel 23:25 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Saul, men, David · What happens: go, seek, tell, come down, abode, hear · To what, where: Saul, David, rock, wilderness, that · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 23:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, men, David — and what happens in the verse to Saul, David, rock, wilderness, that, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ שָׁא֣וּל וַאֲנָשָׁיו֮ לְבַקֵּשׁ֒ וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְדָוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֣רֶד הַסֶּ֔לַע וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּמִדְבַּ֣ר מָע֑וֹן וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּרְדֹּ֥ף אַחֲרֵֽי־דָוִ֖ד מִדְבַּ֥ר מָעֽוֹן׃

And Saul and his men went to seek him. And they told David; wherefore he came down to the rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon. And when Saul heard that, he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	cc	and
2	יֵּ֨לֶךְ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he went
3	שָׁא֣וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	2 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	nsubj	Saul
4	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 אֲנָשָׁי	cc	and
5	אֲנָשָׁי	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 שָׁא֣וּל	conj	men
6	ו֮	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 אֲנָשָׁי	nmod:poss	his
7	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	8 בַקֵּשׁ֒	case	to
8	בַקֵּשׁ֒	בָּקַשׁ	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	2 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	advcl	seek [him]
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יַּגִּ֣דוּ	cc	and
10	יַּגִּ֣דוּ	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	conj	people told
11	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	12 דָוִ֔ד	case	to
12	דָוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	10 יַּגִּ֣דוּ	obl	David
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יֵּ֣רֶד	cc	and
14	יֵּ֣רֶד	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	conj	he went down
15	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 סֶּ֔לַע	det	the
16	סֶּ֔לַע	סֶלַע	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 יֵּ֣רֶד	obl	rock
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 יֵּ֖שֶׁב	cc	and
18	יֵּ֖שֶׁב	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	conj	he remained
19	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 מִדְבַּ֣ר	case	in
20	מִדְבַּ֣ר	מִדְבָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 יֵּ֖שֶׁב	obl	the wilderness
21	מָע֑וֹן	מָעוֹן	PROPN	_	20 מִדְבַּ֣ר	compound:smixut	of Maon
22	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע	cc	and
23	יִּשְׁמַ֣ע	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	conj	he heard
24	שָׁא֔וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	23 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע	nsubj	Saul
25	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 יִּרְדֹּ֥ף	cc	and
26	יִּרְדֹּ֥ף	רָדַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֵּ֨לֶךְ	conj	he pursued
27	אַחֲרֵֽי־	אַחַר	ADP	_	28 דָוִ֖ד	case	after
28	דָוִ֖ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	26 יִּרְדֹּ֥ף	obl	David
29	מִדְבַּ֥ר	מִדְבָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 יִּרְדֹּ֥ף	obl	the wilderness
30	מָעֽוֹן	מָעוֹן	PROPN	_	29 מִדְבַּ֥ר	compound:smixut	of Maon
31	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	30 מָעֽוֹן	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יֵּלֶךְ he went	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul + אֲנָשָׁי men
בַקֵּשׁ seek [him]	infinitive construct · piel	שָׁאוּל Saul + אֲנָשָׁי men
יַּגִּדוּ people told	wayyiqtol · hiphil
יֵּרֶד he went down	wayyiqtol · qal	דָוִד David
יֵּשֶׁב he remained	wayyiqtol · qal	דָוִד David
יִּשְׁמַע he heard	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul
יִּרְדֹּף he pursued	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲזַל שָׁאוּל וְגַבְרוֹהִי לְמִבְעֵי וְחַוִיאוּ לְדָוִד וּנְחַת לְכֵיפָא וִיתֵיב בְּמַדְבְּרָא דְמָעוֹן וּשְׁמַע שָׁאוּל וּרְדַף בָּתַר דָוִד בְּמַדְבְּרָא דְמָעוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:623.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.25/