1 Samuel 26:17 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Saul, this, David, voice · What happens: know, say, be · To what, where: voice · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 26:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, this, David, voice — and what happens in the verse to voice, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּכֵּ֤ר שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל דָּוִ֔ד וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הֲקוֹלְךָ֥ זֶ֖ה בְּנִ֣י דָוִ֑ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד קוֹלִ֖י אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃

And Saul knew David's voice, and said: 'Is this thy voice, my son David?' And David said: 'It is my voice, my lord, O king.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּכֵּ֤ר	cc	and
2	יַּכֵּ֤ר	נָכַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he recognized
3	שָׁאוּל֙	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	2 יַּכֵּ֤ר	nsubj	Saul
4	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	5 ק֣וֹל	case	(et)
5	ק֣וֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּכֵּ֤ר	obj	the voice
6	דָּוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	5 ק֣וֹל	compound:smixut	of David
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 יֹּ֕אמֶר	cc	and
8	יֹּ֕אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּכֵּ֤ר	conj	he said
9	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	10 קוֹל	advmod	?
10	קוֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 יֹּ֕אמֶר	ccomp	voice
11	ְךָ֥	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 קוֹל	nmod:poss	your
12	זֶ֖ה	זֶה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 קוֹל	nsubj	[is] this
13	בְּנ	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 קוֹל	parataxis	my son
14	ִ֣י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 בְּנ	nmod:poss	my
15	דָוִ֑ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	13 בְּנ	appos	David
16	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
17	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּכֵּ֤ר	conj	he said
18	דָּוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	17 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	David
19	קוֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	voice
20	ִ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 קוֹל	nmod:poss	my
21	אֲדֹנ	אָדוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 קוֹל	parataxis	my lord
22	ִ֥י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	21 אֲדֹנ	nmod:poss	my
23	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 מֶּֽלֶךְ	det	the
24	מֶּֽלֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 אֲדֹנ	appos	king
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 מֶּֽלֶךְ	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
יַּכֵּר he recognized	wayyiqtol · hiphil	קוֹל the voice	שָׁאוּל Saul
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאִשְׁתְּמוֹדַע שָׁאוּל יַת קָלָא דְדָוִד וַאֲמַר הֲקָלָךְ דֵין בְּרִי דָוִד וַאֲמַר דָוִד קָלִי רִבּוֹנִי מַלְכָּא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Saul knew David's voice, and said: 'Is this thy voice, my son David?' And David said: 'It is my voice, my lord, O king.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:710.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.17/