1 Samuel 26:18 שְׁמוּאֵל א
Who acts: David, lord, I, evil · What happens: say, pursue, do, be · To what, where: hand · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is 1 Samuel 26:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, lord, I, evil — and what happens in the verse to hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֛ה אֲדֹנִ֥י רֹדֵ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י עַבְדּ֑וֹ כִּ֚י מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֔יתִי וּמַה־בְּיָדִ֖י רָעָֽה׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 2 יֹּ֕אמֶר | cc | and |
| 2 | יֹּ֕אמֶר | אָמַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | he said |
| 3 | לָ֥ | לָמָה | ADP | _ | 4 מָּה | case | |
| 4 | מָּה | מָה | PRON | PronType=Int | 2 יֹּ֕אמֶר | ccomp | why? |
| 5 | זֶּ֛ה | זֶה | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 מָּה | nsubj | this |
| 6 | אֲדֹנ | אָדוֹן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 רֹדֵ֖ף | nsubj | lord |
| 7 | ִ֥י | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 אֲדֹנ | nmod:poss | [is] my |
| 8 | רֹדֵ֖ף | רָדַף | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 5 זֶּ֛ה | acl | pursuing |
| 9 | אַחֲרֵ֣י | אַחַר | ADP | _ | 10 עַבְדּ | case | after |
| 10 | עַבְדּ | עֶבֶד | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 רֹדֵ֖ף | obl | servant |
| 11 | ֑וֹ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 עַבְדּ | nmod:poss | his |
| 12 | כִּ֚י | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 14 עָשִׂ֔יתִי | mark | (dm) |
| 13 | מֶ֣ה | מָה | PRON | PronType=Int | 14 עָשִׂ֔יתִי | obj | what? |
| 14 | עָשִׂ֔יתִי | עָשָׂה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | 4 מָּה | advcl | have I done |
| 15 | וּ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 16 מַה־ | cc | and |
| 16 | מַה־ | מָה | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 מָּה | conj | what? |
| 17 | בְּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 18 יָד | case | [is] in |
| 18 | יָד | יָד | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 מַה־ | obl | hand |
| 19 | ִ֖י | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 יָד | nmod:poss | my |
| 20 | רָעָֽה | רָעָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 16 מַה־ | nsubj | evil |
| 21 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 20 רָעָֽה | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- speech
- a frame and its quote
- negation
- no
- the frame alone
- decl · narrate · none
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יֹּאמֶר he said | wayyiqtol · qal | ||||
| רֹדֵף pursuing | participle active · qal | אֲדֹנ lord | |||
| עָשִׂיתִי have I done | qatal · qal | עַבְדּ servant | מֶה what? |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
וַאֲמַר לְמָא דְנַן רִבּוֹנִי רָדִיף בָּתַר עַבְדֵיהּ אֲרֵי מֶה עֲבָדִית וּמַה בְּיָדִי חוֹבָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:711.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.18/