1 Samuel 27:12 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Achish, David, people · What happens: believe, say, make, abhor, be · To what, where: David, people, servant · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 27:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Achish, David, people — and what happens in the verse to David, people, servant, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּאֲמֵ֥ן אָכִ֖ישׁ בְּדָוִ֣ד לֵאמֹ֑ר הַבְאֵ֤שׁ הִבְאִישׁ֙ בְּעַמּ֣וֹ בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהָ֥יָה לִ֖י לְעֶ֥בֶד עוֹלָֽם׃פ

And Achish believed David, saying: 'He hath made his people Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant for ever.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּאֲמֵ֥ן	cc	and
2	יַּאֲמֵ֥ן	אָמַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he trusted
3	אָכִ֖ישׁ	אָכִישׁ	PROPN	_	2 יַּאֲמֵ֥ן	nsubj	Achish
4	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	5 דָוִ֣ד	case	in
5	דָוִ֣ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יַּאֲמֵ֥ן	obl	David
6	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	9 הִבְאִישׁ֙	mark	(cmp)
7	אמֹ֑ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	6 לֵ	fixed
8	הַבְאֵ֤שׁ	בָּאַשׁ	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	9 הִבְאִישׁ֙	obl:npmod	surely (become odious)
9	הִבְאִישׁ֙	בָּאַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יַּאֲמֵ֥ן	advcl	he has become odious
10	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	11 עַמּ	case	among
11	עַמּ	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 הִבְאִישׁ֙	obl	people
12	֣וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 עַמּ	nmod:poss	his
13	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	14 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	case	among
14	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	11 עַמּ	nmod	Israel
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 עֶ֥בֶד	cc	and
16	הָ֥יָה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	20 עֶ֥בֶד	cop	he will become
17	ל	לְ	ADP	_	18 ִ֖י	case
18	ִ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	20 עֶ֥בֶד	obl	my
19	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	20 עֶ֥בֶד	case	(into) a
20	עֶ֥בֶד	עֶבֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יַּאֲמֵ֥ן	conj	servant
21	עוֹלָֽם	עוֹלָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 עֶ֥בֶד	compound:smixut	of perpetuity
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 עוֹלָֽם	punct
23	פ	פ	PUNCT	_	21 עוֹלָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יַּאֲמֵן he trusted	wayyiqtol · hiphil	אָכִישׁ Achish
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	אָכִישׁ Achish
הִבְאִישׁ he has become odious	qatal · hiphil	דָוִד David
הָיָה he will become	weqatal · qal	דָוִד David

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְהֵימִין אָכִישׁ בְּדָוִד לְמֵימָר אִתְגְרָאָה אִתְגָרֵי בְּעַמֵיהּ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהֵי לִי עֲבַד פְּלַח לַעֲלָם:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Achish believed David, saying: 'He hath made his people Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant for ever.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:730.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.12/