1 Samuel 28:1 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: it, Philistines, Achish, thou · What happens: come, pass, gather, fight, say, know · To what, where: hosts, host · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 28:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — it, Philistines, Achish, thou — and what happens in the verse to hosts, host, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וַיִּקְבְּצ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים אֶת־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ לַצָּבָ֔א לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אָכִישׁ֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד יָדֹ֣עַ תֵּדַ֗ע כִּ֤י אִתִּי֙ תֵּצֵ֣א בַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה אַתָּ֖ה וַאֲנָשֶֽׁיךָ׃

And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered their hosts together for warfare, to fight with Israel. And Achish said unto David: 'Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go out with me in the host, thou and thy men.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהִי֙	cc	and
2	יְהִי֙	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	5 יָּמִ֣ים	case	in
4	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 יָּמִ֣ים	det	the
5	יָּמִ֣ים	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יְהִי֙	obl	days
6	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 הֵ֔ם	det	(the)
7	הֵ֔ם	הֵם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 יָּמִ֣ים	det	those
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יִּקְבְּצ֨וּ	cc	and
9	יִּקְבְּצ֨וּ	קָבַץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יְהִי֙	conj	they gathered together
10	פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 יִּקְבְּצ֨וּ	nsubj	[the] Philistines
11	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	12 מַֽחֲנֵי	case	(et)
12	מַֽחֲנֵי	מַחֲנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 יִּקְבְּצ֨וּ	obj	armies
13	הֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 מַֽחֲנֵי	nmod:poss	their
14	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	16 צָּבָ֔א	case	for
15	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 צָּבָ֔א	det	(the)
16	צָּבָ֔א	צָבָא	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 יִּקְבְּצ֨וּ	obl	war
17	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	18 הִלָּחֵ֖ם	case	to
18	הִלָּחֵ֖ם	לָחַם	VERB	HebBinyan=NIPHAL	9 יִּקְבְּצ֨וּ	advcl	fight
19	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	case	against
20	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	18 הִלָּחֵ֖ם	obl	Israel
21	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 יֹּ֤אמֶר	cc	and
22	יֹּ֤אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִי֙	conj	he said
23	אָכִישׁ֙	אָכִישׁ	PROPN	_	22 יֹּ֤אמֶר	nsubj	Achish
24	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	25 דָּוִ֔ד	case	to
25	דָּוִ֔ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	22 יֹּ֤אמֶר	obl	David
26	יָדֹ֣עַ	יָדַע	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	27 תֵּדַ֗ע	obl:npmod	surely (know)
27	תֵּדַ֗ע	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	22 יֹּ֤אמֶר	ccomp	you will know
28	כִּ֤י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	31 תֵּצֵ֣א	mark	(dm) that
29	אִתּ	אֵת	ADP	_	30 ִי֙	case	with
30	ִי֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	31 תֵּצֵ֣א	obl	me
31	תֵּצֵ֣א	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	27 תֵּדַ֗ע	ccomp	you will go out
32	בַֽ	בְּ	ADP	_	34 מַּחֲנֶ֔ה	case	in
33	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	34 מַּחֲנֶ֔ה	det	the
34	מַּחֲנֶ֔ה	מַחֲנֶה	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 תֵּצֵ֣א	obl	camp
35	אַתָּ֖ה	אַתָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	31 תֵּצֵ֣א	nsubj	you
36	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	37 אֲנָשֶֽׁי	cc	and
37	אֲנָשֶֽׁי	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	35 אַתָּ֖ה	conj	men
38	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	37 אֲנָשֶֽׁי	nmod:poss	your
39	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	38 ךָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
indirect: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּקְבְּצוּ they gathered together	wayyiqtol · qal	פְלִשְׁתִּים [the] Philistines	מַֽחֲנֵי armies
הִלָּחֵם fight	infinitive construct · niphal	פְלִשְׁתִּים [the] Philistines
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	אָכִישׁ Achish
תֵּדַע you will know	yiqtol · qal	דָּוִד David	תֵּצֵא you will go out
תֵּצֵא you will go out	yiqtol · qal	אַתָּה you + אֲנָשֶֽׁי men

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַהֲוָה בְּיוֹמַיָא הָאִינוּן וּכְנָשׁוּ פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי יַת מַשִׁירְיַתְהוֹן לְחֵילָא לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא בְיִשְׂרָאֵל וַאֲמַר אָכִישׁ לְדָוִד מִדַע תֵּדַע אֲרֵי עִמִי תִּפּוֹק בְּמַשְׁרִיָתָא אַתְּ וְגַבְרָךְ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:731.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.1/