1 Samuel 31:12 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: valiant men, men · What happens: arise, go, take, come, burnt · To what, where: body, wall, Jabesh, men

This is 1 Samuel 31:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — valiant men, men — and what happens in the verse to body, wall, Jabesh, men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיָּק֜וּמוּ כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ חַיִל֮ וַיֵּלְכ֣וּ כָל־הַלַּיְלָה֒ וַיִּקְח֞וּ אֶת־גְּוִיַּ֣ת שָׁא֗וּל וְאֵת֙ גְּוִיֹּ֣ת בָּנָ֔יו מֵחוֹמַ֖ת בֵּ֣ית שָׁ֑ן בֵּ֣ית שָׁ֑ן וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ יָבֵ֔שָׁה וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם שָֽׁם׃

all the valiant men arose, and went all night, and took the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons from the wall of Beth-shan; and they came to Jabesh, and burnt them there.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָּק֜וּמוּ	cc	and
2	יָּק֜וּמוּ	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they arose
3	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יָּק֜וּמוּ	nsubj	every
4	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 כָּל־	compound:smixut	man
5	חַיִל֮	חַיִל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 אִ֣ישׁ	compound:smixut	of strength
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יֵּלְכ֣וּ	cc	and
7	יֵּלְכ֣וּ	הלך	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּק֜וּמוּ	conj	they went
8	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 יֵּלְכ֣וּ	obl	all
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 לַּיְלָה֒	det	the
10	לַּיְלָה֒	לַיְלָה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 כָל־	compound:smixut	night
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יִּקְח֞וּ	cc	and
12	יִּקְח֞וּ	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּק֜וּמוּ	conj	they took
13	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	14 גְּוִיַּ֣ת	case	(et)
14	גְּוִיַּ֣ת	גְּוִיָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 יִּקְח֞וּ	obj	the corpse
15	שָׁא֗וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	14 גְּוִיַּ֣ת	compound:smixut	of Saul
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 גְּוִיֹּ֣ת	cc	and
17	אֵת֙	אֵת	ADP	_	18 גְּוִיֹּ֣ת	case	(et)
18	גְּוִיֹּ֣ת	גְּוִיָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	14 גְּוִיַּ֣ת	conj	the corpses
19	בָּנָ֔י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 גְּוִיֹּ֣ת	compound:smixut	his sons
20	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 בָּנָ֔י	nmod:poss	his
21	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	22 חוֹמַ֖ת	case	from
22	חוֹמַ֖ת	חוֹמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 יִּקְח֞וּ	obl	the wall
23	בֵּ֣ית	בֵּית	PROPN	_	22 חוֹמַ֖ת	compound:smixut	of
24	שָׁ֑ן	שְׁאָן	PROPN	_	23 בֵּ֣ית	flat:name
25	בֵּ֣ית	בֵּית	PROPN	_	22 חוֹמַ֖ת	compound:smixut	Beth Shan
26	שָׁ֑ן	שְׁאָן	PROPN	_	25 בֵּ֣ית	flat:name
27	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 יָּבֹ֣אוּ	cc	and
28	יָּבֹ֣אוּ	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּק֜וּמוּ	conj	they went
29	יָבֵ֔שׁ	יָבֵישׁ	PROPN	_	28 יָּבֹ֣אוּ	obl	to
30	ָה	ה	X	_	29 יָבֵ֔שׁ	nmod	Jabesh
31	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	32 יִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ	cc	and
32	יִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ	שָׂרַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יָּק֜וּמוּ	conj	they burned
33	אֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	34 ָ֖ם	case
34	ָ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 יִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ	obj	them
35	שָֽׁם	שָׁם	ADV	_	32 יִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ	advmod	there
36	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	35 שָֽׁם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יָּקוּמוּ they arose	wayyiqtol · qal	אִישׁ man
יֵּלְכוּ they went	wayyiqtol · qal	אִישׁ man
יִּקְחוּ they took	wayyiqtol · qal	אִישׁ man	גְּוִיַּת the corpse + גְּוִיֹּת the corpses
יָּבֹאוּ they went	wayyiqtol · qal	אִישׁ man
יִּשְׂרְפוּ they burned	wayyiqtol · qal	אִישׁ man	יִּשְׂרְפוּ they burned

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְקָמוּ כָּל גְבַר גִבַּר וַאֲזַלוּ כָּל לֵילְיָא וּנְסִיבוּ יַת גוּפָא דְשָׁאוּל וְיַת גוּפֵי בְּנוֹהִי מִשׁוּרָא דְבֵית שָׁן וַאֲתוֹ לְיָבֵשׁ וּקְלוֹ עֲלֵיהוֹן כְּמָא דְקָלַן עַל מַלְכַיָא תַּמָן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

all the valiant men arose, and went all night, and took the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons from the wall of Beth-shan; and they came to Jabesh, and burnt them there.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:809.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.31.12/