1 Samuel 31:4 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Saul, uncircumcised · What happens: say, draw, thrust, come, thrust through, make · To what, where: sword, me, mock · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 31:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, uncircumcised — and what happens in the verse to sword, me, mock, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁאוּל֩ לְנֹשֵׂ֨א כֵלָ֜יו שְׁלֹ֥ף חַרְבְּךָ֣ ׀ וְדָקְרֵ֣נִי בָ֗הּ פֶּן־יָ֠בוֹאוּ הָעֲרֵלִ֨ים הָאֵ֤לֶּה וּדְקָרֻ֙נִי֙ וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ־בִ֔י וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו כִּ֥י יָרֵ֖א מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּקַּ֤ח שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב וַיִּפֹּ֖ל עָלֶֽיהָ׃

Then said Saul to his armour-bearer: 'Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and thrust me through, and make a mock of me.' But his armour-bearer would not; for he was sore afraid. Therefore Saul took his sword, and fell upon it.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	שָׁאוּל֩	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	Saul
4	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	5 נֹשֵׂ֨א	case	to
5	נֹשֵׂ֨א	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	advcl	the bearer
6	כֵלָ֜י	כְּלִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 נֹשֵׂ֨א	compound:smixut	his armor(s)
7	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 כֵלָ֜י	nmod:poss	his
8	שְׁלֹ֥ף	שָׁלַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	draw
9	חַרְבּ	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 שְׁלֹ֥ף	obj	sword
10	ְךָ֣	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 חַרְבּ	nmod:poss	your
11	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	10 ְךָ֣	punct
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 דָקְר	cc	and
13	דָקְר	דָּקַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	8 שְׁלֹ֥ף	conj	pierce
14	ֵ֣נִי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 דָקְר	obj	me through
15	ב	בְּ	ADP	_	16 ָ֗הּ	case	with
16	ָ֗הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 דָקְר	obl	it
17	פֶּן־	פֶּן	SCONJ	_	18 יָ֠בוֹאוּ	mark	lest
18	יָ֠בוֹאוּ	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	8 שְׁלֹ֥ף	advcl	they should come
19	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 עֲרֵלִ֨ים	det	the uncircumcised
20	עֲרֵלִ֨ים	עָרֵל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 יָ֠בוֹאוּ	nsubj	[men]
21	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 אֵ֤לֶּה	det	(the)
22	אֵ֤לֶּה	אֵלֶּה	DET	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	20 עֲרֵלִ֨ים	det	these
23	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 דְקָרֻ֙	cc	and
24	דְקָרֻ֙	דָּקַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	8 שְׁלֹ֥ף	conj	they
25	נִי֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	24 דְקָרֻ֙	obj	will pierce me through
26	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 הִתְעַלְּלוּ־	cc	and
27	הִתְעַלְּלוּ־	עָלַל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Plur Person=3	8 שְׁלֹ֥ף	conj	they will deal wantonly
28	ב	בְּ	ADP	_	29 ִ֔י	case	with
29	ִ֔י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	27 הִתְעַלְּלוּ־	obl	me
30	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	32 אָבָה֙	cc	and
31	לֹ֤א	לֹא	ADV	_	32 אָבָה֙	advmod	not
32	אָבָה֙	אָבָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 שְׁלֹ֥ף	conj	he was willing
33	נֹשֵׂ֣א	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	32 אָבָה֙	nsubj	the bearer
34	כֵלָ֔י	כְּלִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	33 נֹשֵׂ֣א	compound:smixut	his armor(s)
35	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 כֵלָ֔י	nmod:poss	his
36	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	37 יָרֵ֖א	mark	(dm)
37	יָרֵ֖א	יָרֵא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 שְׁלֹ֥ף	advcl	he was afraid
38	מְאֹ֑ד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	37 יָרֵ֖א	advmod	exceedingly
39	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	40 יִּקַּ֤ח	cc	and
40	יִּקַּ֤ח	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	conj	he took
41	שָׁאוּל֙	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	40 יִּקַּ֤ח	nsubj	Saul
42	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	44 חֶ֔רֶב	case	(et)
43	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	44 חֶ֔רֶב	det	the
44	חֶ֔רֶב	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	40 יִּקַּ֤ח	obj	sword
45	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	46 יִּפֹּ֖ל	cc	and
46	יִּפֹּ֖ל	נָפַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	conj	he fell
47	עָלֶֽי	עַל	ADP	_	48 הָ	case	on
48	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	46 יִּפֹּ֖ל	obl	it
49	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	48 הָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul
נֹשֵׂא the bearer	participle active · qal		כֵלָי his armor(s)
שְׁלֹף draw	imperative · qal	נֹשֵׂא the bearer	חַרְבּ sword
דָקְר pierce	imperative · qal	נֹשֵׂא the bearer	ֵנִי me through
יָבוֹאוּ they should come	yiqtol · qal	עֲרֵלִים [men]
דְקָרֻ they	qatal · qal	עֲרֵלִים [men]	נִי will pierce me through
הִתְעַלְּלוּ־ they will deal wantonly	qatal · hithpael	עֲרֵלִים [men]
not אָבָה he was willing	qatal · qal	נֹשֵׂא the bearer
נֹשֵׂא the bearer	participle active · qal		כֵלָי his armor(s)
יָרֵא he was afraid	qatal · qal	נֹשֵׂא the bearer
יִּקַּח he took	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul	חֶרֶב sword
יִּפֹּל he fell	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר שָׁאוּל לְנָטֵל זְיָנֵיהּ שְׁלוֹף חַרְבָּךְ וְקַטְלַנִי בָהּ דִלְמָא יֵיתוּן עֲרֵלַיָא הָאִלֵין וְיִקְטְלוּנַנִי וְיִתְלַעֲבוּן בִּי וְלָא אָבָא נָטֵל זְיָנֵיהּ אֲרֵי דָחִיל לַחֲדָא וּנְסִיב שָׁאוּל יַת חַרְבָּא וּנְפַל עֲלָהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:801.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.31.4/