2 Kings 10:4 מְלָכִים ב

Who acts: sons, two kings, we · What happens: be, say, not stand, stand · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Kings 10:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sons, two kings, we — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּֽרְאוּ֙ מְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ הִנֵּה֙ שְׁנֵ֣י הַמְּלָכִ֔ים לֹ֥א עָמְד֖וּ לְפָנָ֑יו וְאֵ֖יךְ נַעֲמֹ֥ד אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃

But they were exceedingly afraid, and said: 'Behold, the two kings stood not before him; how then shall we stand?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּֽרְאוּ֙	cc	and
2	יִּֽרְאוּ֙	יָרֵא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they were afraid
3	מְאֹ֣ד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	2 יִּֽרְאוּ֙	advmod	very
4	מְאֹ֔ד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	3 מְאֹ֣ד	advmod	very
5	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ	cc	and
6	יֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּֽרְאוּ֙	conj	they said
7	הִנֵּה֙	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	12 עָמְד֖וּ	discourse	there!
8	שְׁנֵ֣י	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	10 מְּלָכִ֔ים	nummod	the two
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 מְּלָכִ֔ים	det	the
10	מְּלָכִ֔ים	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 עָמְד֖וּ	nsubj	kings
11	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	12 עָמְד֖וּ	advmod	not
12	עָמְד֖וּ	עָמַד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	6 יֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ	ccomp	they stood
13	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	14 פָנָ֑י	case	before
14	פָנָ֑י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 עָמְד֖וּ	obl
15	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 פָנָ֑י	nmod:poss	him
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 נַעֲמֹ֥ד	cc	and
17	אֵ֖יךְ	אֵיךְ	INTJ	_	18 נַעֲמֹ֥ד	discourse	how?
18	נַעֲמֹ֥ד	עָמַד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	12 עָמְד֖וּ	conj	will we stand
19	אֲנָֽחְנוּ	אֲנַחְנוּ	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	18 נַעֲמֹ֥ד	nsubj	we
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 אֲנָֽחְנוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יִּֽרְאוּ they were afraid	wayyiqtol · qal
יֹּאמְרוּ they said	wayyiqtol · qal
not עָמְדוּ they stood	qatal · qal	מְּלָכִים kings
נַעֲמֹד will we stand	yiqtol · qal	אֲנָֽחְנוּ we

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּדְחִילוּ לַחֲדָא לַחֲדָא וַאֲמַרוּ הָא תְּרֵין מַלְכַיָא לָא יְכִילוּ לְמֵיקַם קֳדָמוֹהִי וְאַכְדֵין נְקוּם אֲנַחְנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

But they were exceedingly afraid, and said: 'Behold, the two kings stood not before him; how then shall we stand?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2KI:263.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.10.4/